महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-110, verse-12

शृणु पुत्रो यथा जात ऋश्यशृङ्गः प्रतापवान् ।
महाह्रदे महातेजा बालः स्थविरसंमतः ॥१२॥

12. śṛṇu putro yathā jāta ṛśyaśṛṅgaḥ pratāpavān ,
mahāhrade mahātejā bālaḥ sthavirasaṁmataḥ.

12. śṛṇu putraḥ yathā jātaḥ ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ pratāpavān
mahāhrade mahātejāḥ bālaḥ sthavirasaṃmataḥ

12. Listen, my son, how the glorious Ṛṣyaśṛṅga was born in a great lake—a highly radiant boy, respected by the elders.

Words meanings summery:

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to this story) (listen, hear)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - O son (vocative, addressed to the listener) (son)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced, arisen)

• ऋष्यशृङ्गः (ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ) - The sage Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (Ṛṣyaśṛṅga)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious (mighty, glorious, majestic)

• महाह्रदे (mahāhrade) - in a great lake

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - highly radiant (of great splendor, highly radiant)

• बालः (bālaḥ) - a boy (boy, young, child)

• स्थविरसंमतः (sthavirasaṁmataḥ) - respected by the elders (respected by elders)

Words meanings and morphology

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to this story) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative, active voice

Root √śru, 2nd person singular, imperative, active voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Addressed to the listener (implied Sūta)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - O son (vocative, addressed to the listener) (son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Addressed to the listener (often Sūta is called putra by sages)

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb

Note: Introduces a clause explaining 'how'

जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, grown

Past Passive Participle

From root √jan (to be born) + ta suffix.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

ऋष्यशृङ्गः (ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ) - The sage Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (Ṛṣyaśṛṅga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣyaśṛṅga

ṛṣyaśṛṅga - Name of a sage

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ṛṣya+śṛṅga)

• ṛṣya – a species of deer, antelope
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the 'was born' clause

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious (mighty, glorious, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - glorious, mighty, powerful, majestic

Possessive adjective (matup suffix)

Prefix: prati

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

महाह्रदे (mahāhrade) - in a great lake

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhrada

mahāhrada - great lake, large pool

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hrada)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• hrada – lake, pool, deep part of a river
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location of birth

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - highly radiant (of great splendor, highly radiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor/energy/lustre

Bahuvrihi compound 'having great brilliance'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

बालः (bālaḥ) - a boy (boy, young, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

स्थविरसंमतः (sthavirasaṁmataḥ) - respected by the elders (respected by elders)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthavirasaṃmata

sthavirasaṁmata - respected by elders

Tatpurusha compound (instrumental).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sthavira+saṃmata)

• sthavira – old, elder
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃmata – respected, approved, esteemed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √man (to think) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga