महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-110, verse-12

शृणु पुत्रो यथा जात ऋश्यशृङ्गः प्रतापवान् ।
महाह्रदे महातेजा बालः स्थविरसंमतः ॥१२॥

12. śṛṇu putro yathā jāta ṛśyaśṛṅgaḥ pratāpavān ,
mahāhrade mahātejā bālaḥ sthavirasaṁmataḥ.

12. śṛṇu putraḥ yathā jātaḥ ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ pratāpavān
mahāhrade mahātejāḥ bālaḥ sthavirasaṃmataḥ

12. Listen, my son, how the glorious Ṛṣyaśṛṅga was born in a great lake—a highly radiant boy, respected by the elders.

12. שמע איך נולד בנו, רְשְׁיַשְׁרְנְגַה בעל העוצמה, באגם גדול. הילד בעל הזוהר הגדול זכה לכבוד גם בין זקנים.

Words meanings summery:

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to this story) (listen, hear)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - O son (vocative, addressed to the listener) (son)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced, arisen)

• ऋष्यशृङ्गः (ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ) - The sage Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (Ṛṣyaśṛṅga)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious (mighty, glorious, majestic)

• महाह्रदे (mahāhrade) - in a great lake

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - highly radiant (of great splendor, highly radiant)

• बालः (bālaḥ) - a boy (boy, young, child)

• स्थविरसंमतः (sthavirasaṁmataḥ) - respected by the elders (respected by elders)

Words meanings and morphology

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to this story) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative, active voice

Root √śru, 2nd person singular, imperative, active voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Addressed to the listener (implied Sūta)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - O son (vocative, addressed to the listener) (son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Addressed to the listener (often Sūta is called putra by sages)

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb

Note: Introduces a clause explaining 'how'

जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, grown

Past Passive Participle

From root √jan (to be born) + ta suffix.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

ऋष्यशृङ्गः (ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥ) - The sage Ṛṣyaśṛṅga (Ṛṣyaśṛṅga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣyaśṛṅga

ṛṣyaśṛṅga - Name of a sage

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ṛṣya+śṛṅga)

• ṛṣya – a species of deer, antelope
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the 'was born' clause

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - glorious (mighty, glorious, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - glorious, mighty, powerful, majestic

Possessive adjective (matup suffix)

Prefix: prati

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

महाह्रदे (mahāhrade) - in a great lake

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhrada

mahāhrada - great lake, large pool

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hrada)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• hrada – lake, pool, deep part of a river
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location of birth

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - highly radiant (of great splendor, highly radiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor/energy/lustre

Bahuvrihi compound 'having great brilliance'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

बालः (bālaḥ) - a boy (boy, young, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

स्थविरसंमतः (sthavirasaṁmataḥ) - respected by the elders (respected by elders)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthavirasaṃmata

sthavirasaṁmata - respected by elders

Tatpurusha compound (instrumental).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sthavira+saṃmata)

• sthavira – old, elder
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃmata – respected, approved, esteemed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √man (to think) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ṛṣyaśṛṅga

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