महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-8, verse-29

कालस्य नयने युक्ता यमस्य पुरुषाश्च ये ।
तस्यां शिंशपपालाशास्तथा काशकुशादयः ।
उपासते धर्मराजं मूर्तिमन्तो निरामयाः ॥२९॥

29. kālasya nayane yuktā yamasya puruṣāśca ye ,
tasyāṁ śiṁśapapālāśāstathā kāśakuśādayaḥ ,
upāsate dharmarājaṁ mūrtimanto nirāmayāḥ.

29. kālasya nayane yuktāḥ yamasya
puruṣāḥ ca ye tasyām śiṃśapāpalāśāḥ
tathā kāśakuśādayaḥ upāsate
dharmarājam mūrtimantaḥ nirāmayāḥ

29. And those who are engaged in the governance of time, along with the servants of Yama, and similarly, the śiṃśapā and palāśa trees, as well as kāśa grass, kuśa grass, and others — all these, being embodied and free from illness, serve Dharmarāja (Yama, the king of natural law).

Words meanings summery:

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, pertaining to time

• नयने (nayane) - in the governance (in leading, in guiding, in the conduct, in the course)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged, employed, yoked, connected

• यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (god of death)

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - servants of Yama (persons, men, servants)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in her, in that

• शिंशपापलाशाः (śiṁśapāpalāśāḥ) - śiṃśapā trees and palāśa trees

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, also

• काशकुशादयः (kāśakuśādayaḥ) - kāśa grass, kuśa grass, and others

• उपासते (upāsate) - they serve, they worship, they attend upon

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yama, the king of natural law (Dharmarāja, the king of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

• मूर्तिमन्तः (mūrtimantaḥ) - embodied, having form, incarnated

• निरामयाः (nirāmayāḥ) - free from illness, healthy, well

Words meanings and morphology

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, pertaining to time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season

नयने (nayane) - in the governance (in leading, in guiding, in the conduct, in the course)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nayana

nayana - leading, guiding, conduct, course

from root nī (to lead) with suffix ana

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Contextually 'in the governance' or 'in the affairs'.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - engaged, employed, yoked, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, engaged, employed, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ' (implied with 'ye').

यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (god of death)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama, the god of death and justice

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Possessive case.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - servants of Yama (persons, men, servants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit (puruṣa)

Note: Refers to attendants or servants.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in her, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Refers to an implied feminine noun or used adverbially for 'there'. Given the context, its specific referent is unclear without prior verses.

शिंशपापलाशाः (śiṁśapāpalāśāḥ) - śiṃśapā trees and palāśa trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṃśapāpalāśa

śiṁśapāpalāśa - a compound referring to śiṃśapā and palāśa trees

Compound type : dvandva (śiṃśapā+palāśa)

• śiṃśapā – Dalbergia sissoo tree, aśoka tree
  noun (feminine)
• palāśa – Butea monosperma tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Personified as serving Dharmarāja.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, also

(indeclinable)

काशकुशादयः (kāśakuśādayaḥ) - kāśa grass, kuśa grass, and others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāśakuśādi

kāśakuśādi - kāśa grass, kuśa grass, and others (etc.)

ādi suffix indicating 'and so on'

Compound type : dvandva (kāśa+kuśa+ādi)

• kāśa – a species of grass (Saccharum spontaneum)
  noun (masculine)
• kuśa – a species of sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides)
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, start, and so on
  indeclinable (masculine)
  suffix meaning 'etc.' or 'beginning with'

Note: Personified as serving Dharmarāja.

उपासते (upāsate) - they serve, they worship, they attend upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The middle voice emphasizes the action for oneself.

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Yama, the king of natural law (Dharmarāja, the king of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yama (god of death)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yama.

मूर्तिमन्तः (mūrtimantaḥ) - embodied, having form, incarnated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūrtimat

mūrtimat - having form, embodied, material

derived with matup suffix from mūrti (form)

Note: Qualifies the subjects of 'upāsate'.

निरामयाः (nirāmayāḥ) - free from illness, healthy, well

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāmaya

nirāmaya - free from illness, healthy, sound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āmaya)

• nis – without, free from
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• āmaya – illness, sickness, disease
  noun (masculine)
  Root: am (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the subjects of 'upāsate'.