महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-62, verse-22

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा तु दृष्ट्वा बहु तत्तदेवं रोरूयमाणां कुररीमिवार्ताम् ।
नोचुर्वचः साध्वथ वाप्यसाधु महीक्षितो धार्तराष्ट्रस्य भीताः ॥२२॥

22. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā tu dṛṣṭvā bahu tattadevaṁ; rorūyamāṇāṁ kurarīmivārtām ,
nocurvacaḥ sādhvatha vāpyasādhu; mahīkṣito dhārtarāṣṭrasya bhītāḥ.

22. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tathā tu dṛṣṭvā bahu
tat tat evam rorūyamāṇām kurarīm iva
ārtām na ūcuḥ vacaḥ sādhu atha vā api
asādhu mahīkṣitaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrasya bhītāḥ

22. Vaiśampāyana said: But having thus seen that person lamenting greatly, like a distressed osprey, the kings, afraid of Dhritarashtra, spoke neither good nor bad words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, greatly

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the situation/distress. (that, that thing)

• तत् (tat) - that (very)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• रोरूयमाणाम् (rorūyamāṇām) - Refers to Draupadi. (crying loudly, lamenting)

• कुररीम् (kurarīm) - osprey, female hawk, any female bird

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, pained

• न (na) - not

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• साधु (sādhu) - good, proper, right

• अथ (atha) - then, and, now

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• असाधु (asādhu) - bad, improper, not good

• महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - Refers to the royal authority of King Dhritarashtra, or potentially his son Duryodhana. (of Dhritarashtra, of Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana))

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, frightened

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of Vyasa's disciple and narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: nominative singular

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active of root 'vac'

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: absolutive of root 'dṛś'

बहु (bahu) - much, many, greatly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, great

Note: accusative singular neuter of 'bahu' (acting as adverb 'greatly' or modifying 'tat')

तत् (tat) - Refers to the situation/distress. (that, that thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: accusative singular neuter of 'tad'

तत् (tat) - that (very)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Note: accusative singular neuter of 'tad', used emphatically

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

रोरूयमाणाम् (rorūyamāṇām) - Refers to Draupadi. (crying loudly, lamenting)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rorūyamāṇa

rorūyamāṇa - crying aloud, wailing, lamenting

Present Middle Participle (intensive)

Present participle of intensive form of root 'ru' (to cry, roar)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: accusative singular feminine of 'rorūyamāṇa'

कुररीम् (kurarīm) - osprey, female hawk, any female bird

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kurarī

kurarī - osprey, female bird, curlew

Note: accusative singular of 'kurarī'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, pained

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā', meaning 'afflicted'

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: accusative singular feminine of 'ārta'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person plural perfect active of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd person plural perfect active of root 'vac'

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

Note: accusative singular of 'vacas'

साधु (sādhu) - good, proper, right

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, proper, virtuous, right, excellent

Note: accusative singular neuter of 'sādhu' (agreeing with vacaḥ)

अथ (atha) - then, and, now

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

असाधु (asādhu) - bad, improper, not good

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asādhu

asādhu - bad, improper, evil, not good

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sādhu)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sādhu – good, proper, right
  adjective (masculine)

Note: accusative singular neuter of 'asādhu' (agreeing with vacaḥ)

महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruler, dweller, land
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: nominative plural of 'mahīkṣit'

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य (dhārtarāṣṭrasya) - Refers to the royal authority of King Dhritarashtra, or potentially his son Duryodhana. (of Dhritarashtra, of Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra (patronymic, e.g., Duryodhana); relating to Dhritarashtra

patronymic (aṇ) from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: genitive singular of 'dhārtarāṣṭra'

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - afraid, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: nominative plural masculine of 'bhīta'