महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-62, verse-14

भीष्म उवाच ।
उक्तवानस्मि कल्याणि धर्मस्य तु परां गतिम् ।
लोके न शक्यते गन्तुमपि विप्रैर्महात्मभिः ॥१४॥

14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
uktavānasmi kalyāṇi dharmasya tu parāṁ gatim ,
loke na śakyate gantumapi viprairmahātmabhiḥ.

14. bhīṣma uvāca uktavān asmi kalyāṇi dharmasya tu parām
gatim loke na śakyate gantum api vipraiḥ mahātmabhiḥ

14. Bhishma said: 'O blessed one, I have indeed explained the supreme understanding (gati) of natural law (dharma). In this world, it is not possible to reach that (understanding), even for great souls (mahātman) who are Brahmins.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, a key character in Mahabharata (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - I have spoken (part of periphrastic perfect) (having spoken, who has spoken)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am (part of periphrastic perfect) (I am)

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O blessed lady (O auspicious one, O blessed one)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• पराम् (parām) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• गतिम् (gatim) - understanding, state (path, course, state, understanding, destination)

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the realm)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible (is possible, can be done, is able)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to reach (that understanding) (to go, to reach, to move)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty) (also, even, moreover)

• विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins (by Brahmins, by learned ones, by sages)

• महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by great souls (mahātman) (by great souls, by noble persons)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, a key character in Mahabharata (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a legendary warrior), terrible, awful

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense (lit)

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Formed from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - I have spoken (part of periphrastic perfect) (having spoken, who has spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - having said, having spoken

Past Active Participle

Formed from PPP `ukta` (from `vac`) + suffix `vat`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of a periphrastic perfect verb construction.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am (part of periphrastic perfect) (I am)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Conjugated verb, present tense, 1st person singular, 2nd class (adādi)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as an auxiliary verb.

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O blessed lady (O auspicious one, O blessed one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, blessed, beautiful, excellent woman

Feminine form of kalyāṇa (auspicious).

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, moral order

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

पराम् (parām) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant, next

Note: Qualifies `gatim`.

गतिम् (gatim) - understanding, state (path, course, state, understanding, destination)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, state, condition, refuge, destination, understanding

Action noun

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of `uktavān asmi` (implied 'explained').

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, in the realm)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, common practice

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible (is possible, can be done, is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

passive voice

Conjugated verb, present tense, passive voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Impersonal passive construction, "it is possible to go".

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to reach (that understanding) (to go, to reach, to move)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root gam (1st class, parasmaipada).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with `śakyate`.

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty) (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins (by Brahmins, by learned ones, by sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned, inspired, wise

From root vip (to tremble, to be inspired).

Root: vip (class 6)

महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by great souls (mahātman) (by great souls, by noble persons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, exalted, the Supreme Spirit

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness, the Supreme Soul
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `vipraiḥ`.