महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-29

राज्ञा मूर्धन्युपाघ्रातास्ते च कौरवनन्दनाः ।
चत्वारः पाण्डवा राजन्भीमसेनपुरोगमाः ॥२९॥

29. rājñā mūrdhanyupāghrātāste ca kauravanandanāḥ ,
catvāraḥ pāṇḍavā rājanbhīmasenapurogamāḥ.

29. rājñā mūrdhani upāghrātāḥ te ca kauravanandanāḥ
catvāraḥ pāṇḍavā rājan bhīmasenapurógamāḥ

29. O King, the king then kissed the heads of those four Pāṇḍavas, the delight of the Kurus (kauravanandanāḥ), who were led by Bhīmasena.

29. המלך נישק על הראש גם אותם, את ארבעת בני פָּאנְדוּ, אהובי הקַאוּרַוַה, ובראשם בְּהִימַסֵנַה, הו מלך.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

• मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, at the top

• उपाघ्राताः (upāghrātāḥ) - kissed on the head as a sign of affection (kissed, smelled (on the head))

• ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कौरवनन्दनाः (kauravanandanāḥ) - the delight/sons of the Kurus, Kuru princes

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• पाण्डवा (pāṇḍavā) - The four sons of Pāṇḍu, specifically Bhīmasena, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, as Yudhiṣṭhira is implied as 'he' (Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

• राजन् (rājan) - O King! (addressing the narrator's audience, often Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya) (O king!, O ruler!)

• भीमसेनपुर्óगमाः (bhīmasenapurógamāḥ) - led by Bhīmasena, with Bhīmasena at their front

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

n-stem noun, instrumental singular

Root: rāj (class 1)

मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, at the top

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, top, summit

n-stem noun, locative singular

उपाघ्राताः (upāghrātāḥ) - kissed on the head as a sign of affection (kissed, smelled (on the head))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāghrāta

upāghrāta - smelled, kissed (on the head as a sign of affection)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ghrā' (to smell) with prefixes 'upa-ā'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main predicate in a passive construction, implied verb 'were'

ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Nominative masculine plural form

Note: Subject

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कौरवनन्दनाः (kauravanandanāḥ) - the delight/sons of the Kurus, Kuru princes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravanandana

kauravanandana - son of the Kurus, delight of the Kurus, Kuru prince

Compound of 'kaurava' (descendant of Kuru) and 'nandana' (son, delight)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+nandana)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus
  noun (masculine)
  Vṛddhi derivative from Kuru
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nand' (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'te' and 'pāṇḍavā'

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

पाण्डवा (pāṇḍavā) - The four sons of Pāṇḍu, specifically Bhīmasena, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, as Yudhiṣṭhira is implied as 'he' (Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - sons of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍavas

Descendant of Pāṇḍu (patronymic)

राजन् (rājan) - O King! (addressing the narrator's audience, often Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya) (O king!, O ruler!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun, vocative singular

Root: rāj (class 1)

भीमसेनपुर्óगमाः (bhīmasenapurógamāḥ) - led by Bhīmasena, with Bhīmasena at their front

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenapuróga

bhīmasenapuróga - led by Bhīmasena, having Bhīmasena at the forefront

Compound of 'Bhīmasena' (proper noun) and 'puróga' (going before, leading)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīmasena+puróga)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (one of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his strength)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'bhīma' (terrible) and 'sena' (army, leader)
• puróga – going before, leading, chief, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'puras' (before) + root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Compound word

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