महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-29

राज्ञा मूर्धन्युपाघ्रातास्ते च कौरवनन्दनाः ।
चत्वारः पाण्डवा राजन्भीमसेनपुरोगमाः ॥२९॥

29. rājñā mūrdhanyupāghrātāste ca kauravanandanāḥ ,
catvāraḥ pāṇḍavā rājanbhīmasenapurogamāḥ.

29. rājñā mūrdhani upāghrātāḥ te ca kauravanandanāḥ
catvāraḥ pāṇḍavā rājan bhīmasenapurógamāḥ

29. O King, the king then kissed the heads of those four Pāṇḍavas, the delight of the Kurus (kauravanandanāḥ), who were led by Bhīmasena.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

• मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, at the top

• उपाघ्राताः (upāghrātāḥ) - kissed on the head as a sign of affection (kissed, smelled (on the head))

• ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कौरवनन्दनाः (kauravanandanāḥ) - the delight/sons of the Kurus, Kuru princes

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• पाण्डवा (pāṇḍavā) - The four sons of Pāṇḍu, specifically Bhīmasena, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, as Yudhiṣṭhira is implied as 'he' (Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

• राजन् (rājan) - O King! (addressing the narrator's audience, often Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya) (O king!, O ruler!)

• भीमसेनपुर्óगमाः (bhīmasenapurógamāḥ) - led by Bhīmasena, with Bhīmasena at their front

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

n-stem noun, instrumental singular

Root: rāj (class 1)

मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head, at the top

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, top, summit

n-stem noun, locative singular

उपाघ्राताः (upāghrātāḥ) - kissed on the head as a sign of affection (kissed, smelled (on the head))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāghrāta

upāghrāta - smelled, kissed (on the head as a sign of affection)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ghrā' (to smell) with prefixes 'upa-ā'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main predicate in a passive construction, implied verb 'were'

ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Nominative masculine plural form

Note: Subject

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कौरवनन्दनाः (kauravanandanāḥ) - the delight/sons of the Kurus, Kuru princes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravanandana

kauravanandana - son of the Kurus, delight of the Kurus, Kuru prince

Compound of 'kaurava' (descendant of Kuru) and 'nandana' (son, delight)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+nandana)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus
  noun (masculine)
  Vṛddhi derivative from Kuru
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nand' (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'te' and 'pāṇḍavā'

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

पाण्डवा (pāṇḍavā) - The four sons of Pāṇḍu, specifically Bhīmasena, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, as Yudhiṣṭhira is implied as 'he' (Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - sons of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍavas

Descendant of Pāṇḍu (patronymic)

राजन् (rājan) - O King! (addressing the narrator's audience, often Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya) (O king!, O ruler!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun, vocative singular

Root: rāj (class 1)

भीमसेनपुर्óगमाः (bhīmasenapurógamāḥ) - led by Bhīmasena, with Bhīmasena at their front

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenapuróga

bhīmasenapuróga - led by Bhīmasena, having Bhīmasena at the forefront

Compound of 'Bhīmasena' (proper noun) and 'puróga' (going before, leading)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīmasena+puróga)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (one of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his strength)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'bhīma' (terrible) and 'sena' (army, leader)
• puróga – going before, leading, chief, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'puras' (before) + root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Compound word