महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-10

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
द्यूते क्षत्तः कलहो विद्यते नः को वै द्यूतं रोचयेद्बुध्यमानः ।
किं वा भवान्मन्यते युक्तरूपं भवद्वाक्ये सर्व एव स्थिताः स्म ॥१०॥

10. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dyūte kṣattaḥ kalaho vidyate naḥ; ko vai dyūtaṁ rocayedbudhyamānaḥ ,
kiṁ vā bhavānmanyate yuktarūpaṁ; bhavadvākye sarva eva sthitāḥ sma.

10. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dyūte kṣattaḥ kalahaḥ
vidyate naḥ kaḥ vai dyūtaṃ rocayet
budhyamānaḥ kiṃ vā bhavān manyate yukta
rūpaṃ bhavat vākye sarve eva sthitāḥ sma

10. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O charioteer, gambling always leads to disputes for us. Who, if they are discerning, would indeed take pleasure in gambling? So, what do you, sir, consider appropriate? We are all ready to abide by your word.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling, in a game of dice

• क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - O Prātikāmin (the messenger and charioteer) (O charioteer, O chamberlain)

• कलहः (kalahaḥ) - quarrel, dispute, strife

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• द्यूतं (dyūtaṁ) - gambling, game of dice

• रोचयेत् (rocayet) - would like, would be pleased by

• बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - being discerning, understanding, knowing

• किं (kiṁ) - what?

• वा (vā) - or, and, then

• भवान् (bhavān) - O sir (referring to Prātikāmin) (you (masculine, respectful))

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, considers, believes

• युक्त (yukta) - appropriate (proper, fitting, appropriate, connected)

• रूपं (rūpaṁ) - form, appearance, nature

• भवत् (bhavat) - your

• वाक्ये (vākye) - in the word, in the speech

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, abiding

• स्म (sma) - indicates past tense, 'we are/were abiding' (an indeclinable particle used to denote past tense with present verbs, or to make present perfect)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh 'battle'
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling, in a game of dice

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling

Past Passive Participle of div 'to play'

Root: div (class 4)

क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - O Prātikāmin (the messenger and charioteer) (O charioteer, O chamberlain)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, chamberlain, herald

Note: Refers to Prātikāmin, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's messenger.

कलहः (kalahaḥ) - quarrel, dispute, strife

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalaha

kalaha - quarrel, dispute, strife, contention

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle

from root vid (vidyate)

Root: vid (class 4)

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Enclitic form of dative plural, 'to us' or 'for us'.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

द्यूतं (dyūtaṁ) - gambling, game of dice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling

Past Passive Participle of div 'to play'

Root: div (class 4)

रोचयेत् (rocayet) - would like, would be pleased by

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ruc

Optative Active

from root ruc (rocate), 10th class causative

Root: ruc (class 1)

बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - being discerning, understanding, knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budh

budh - to know, to understand, to wake up

Present Middle Participle

from root budh (budhyate)

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ'.

किं (kiṁ) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

वा (vā) - or, and, then

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - O sir (referring to Prātikāmin) (you (masculine, respectful))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), your honor

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, considers, believes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

from root man (manyate)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Often translated as 2nd person when bhavān is subject.

युक्त (yukta) - appropriate (proper, fitting, appropriate, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, united, fit, proper, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

from yuj 'to join'

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Part of compound 'yuktarūpaṃ'.

रूपं (rūpaṁ) - form, appearance, nature

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, nature

Note: Combined with 'yukta' to form 'yuktarūpaṃ' (proper form/nature, i.e., proper thing).

भवत् (bhavat) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your (respectful)

Note: Part of the compound 'bhavadvākye'.

वाक्ये (vākye) - in the word, in the speech

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

Root: vac

Note: Combined with 'bhavat' to form 'bhavadvākye' (in your word).

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, abiding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, placed, abiding, firm

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve'.

स्म (sma) - indicates past tense, 'we are/were abiding' (an indeclinable particle used to denote past tense with present verbs, or to make present perfect)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here, used with sthitāḥ (P.P.P. used as a finite verb).