महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-11

विदुर उवाच ।
जानाम्यहं द्यूतमनर्थमूलं कृतश्च यत्नोऽस्य मया निवारणे ।
राजा तु मां प्राहिणोत्त्वत्सकाशं श्रुत्वा विद्वञ्श्रेय इहाचरस्व ॥११॥

11. vidura uvāca ,
jānāmyahaṁ dyūtamanarthamūlaṁ; kṛtaśca yatno'sya mayā nivāraṇe ,
rājā tu māṁ prāhiṇottvatsakāśaṁ; śrutvā vidvañśreya ihācarasva.

11. viduraḥ uvāca | jānāmi aham dyūtam
anarthamūlam kṛtaḥ ca yatnaḥ asya mayā
nivāraṇe | rājā tu mām prāhiṇot tvat
sakāśam śrutvā vidvan śreyaḥ iha ācarasva

11. Vidura said, "I know that gambling is the root of misfortune, and I made an effort to prevent it. However, the king sent me to you after hearing [about the situation]. O wise one, please do what is auspicious here."

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

• अहम् (aham) - I

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

• अनर्थमूलम् (anarthamūlam) - root of misfortune, source of evil

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

• च (ca) - and

• यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, attempt

• अस्य (asya) - of this, its

• मया (mayā) - by me

• निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing, in warding off

• राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

• तु (tu) - but, however

• माम् (mām) - me

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent

• त्वत् (tvat) - your

• सकाशम् (sakāśam) - presence, vicinity

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O wise one)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, auspicious, welfare

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• आचरस्व (ācarasva) - you should do, you should act

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of jñā

present active

root 'jñā' (9th class), present (Laṭ) 1st person singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play

Past Passive Participle

from root 'div' (to play), +kta suffix

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Acts as object of 'jānāmi'.

अनर्थमूलम् (anarthamūlam) - root of misfortune, source of evil

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthamūla

anarthamūla - root of misfortune/evil

Compound type : tatpurusha (anartha+mūla)

• anartha – misfortune, evil, distress
  noun (masculine)
  negative 'an-' + 'artha'
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative/accusative in agreement with 'dyūtam'.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made

Past Passive Participle

from root 'kṛ' (to do), +kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to 'yatnaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, attempt

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, attempt

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction "kṛtaḥ yatnaḥ".

अस्य (asya) - of this, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'dyūtam' (gambling).

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent in the passive construction "kṛtaḥ yatnaḥ mayā".

निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing, in warding off

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nivāraṇa

nivāraṇa - prevention, warding off, checking

verbal noun

from root 'vṛ' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'prāhiṇot'.

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'prāhiṇot'.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Luṅ) of prahi

imperfect active

root 'hi' with upasarga 'pra', imperfect (Luṅ) 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: From root `hā` (to go, send) or `hi` (to send).

त्वत् (tvat) - your

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: First part of compound 'tvatsakāśam'.

सकाशम् (sakāśam) - presence, vicinity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, dwelling

Note: Second part of compound 'tvatsakāśam'. The compound means 'to your presence'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root 'śru' (5th class), +ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

विद्वन् (vidvan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O wise one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - wise, learned

Past Active Participle

from root 'vid' (to know), +vas suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun in vocative.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, auspicious, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, better, welfare, prosperity

Note: Object of 'ācarasva'.

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

आचरस्व (ācarasva) - you should do, you should act

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of ācar

imperative middle

root 'car' (1st class) with upasarga 'ā', imperative (Loṭ) 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)