महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-11

विदुर उवाच ।
जानाम्यहं द्यूतमनर्थमूलं कृतश्च यत्नोऽस्य मया निवारणे ।
राजा तु मां प्राहिणोत्त्वत्सकाशं श्रुत्वा विद्वञ्श्रेय इहाचरस्व ॥११॥

11. vidura uvāca ,
jānāmyahaṁ dyūtamanarthamūlaṁ; kṛtaśca yatno'sya mayā nivāraṇe ,
rājā tu māṁ prāhiṇottvatsakāśaṁ; śrutvā vidvañśreya ihācarasva.

11. viduraḥ uvāca | jānāmi aham dyūtam
anarthamūlam kṛtaḥ ca yatnaḥ asya mayā
nivāraṇe | rājā tu mām prāhiṇot tvat
sakāśam śrutvā vidvan śreyaḥ iha ācarasva

11. Vidura said, "I know that gambling is the root of misfortune, and I made an effort to prevent it. However, the king sent me to you after hearing [about the situation]. O wise one, please do what is auspicious here."

11. וִידוּרַה אמר, אני יודע שמשחק הקוביות הוא שורש האסון, וניסיתי למנוע אותו. אך המלך שלח אותי אליך. הו חכם, לאחר ששמעת, עשה את הטוב ביותר כאן.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

• अहम् (aham) - I

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

• अनर्थमूलम् (anarthamūlam) - root of misfortune, source of evil

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

• च (ca) - and

• यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, attempt

• अस्य (asya) - of this, its

• मया (mayā) - by me

• निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing, in warding off

• राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

• तु (tu) - but, however

• माम् (mām) - me

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent

• त्वत् (tvat) - your

• सकाशम् (sakāśam) - presence, vicinity

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O wise one)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, auspicious, welfare

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• आचरस्व (ācarasva) - you should do, you should act

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of jñā

present active

root 'jñā' (9th class), present (Laṭ) 1st person singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play

Past Passive Participle

from root 'div' (to play), +kta suffix

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Acts as object of 'jānāmi'.

अनर्थमूलम् (anarthamūlam) - root of misfortune, source of evil

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthamūla

anarthamūla - root of misfortune/evil

Compound type : tatpurusha (anartha+mūla)

• anartha – misfortune, evil, distress
  noun (masculine)
  negative 'an-' + 'artha'
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative/accusative in agreement with 'dyūtam'.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made

Past Passive Participle

from root 'kṛ' (to do), +kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to 'yatnaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, attempt

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, attempt

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction "kṛtaḥ yatnaḥ".

अस्य (asya) - of this, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'dyūtam' (gambling).

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent in the passive construction "kṛtaḥ yatnaḥ mayā".

निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing, in warding off

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nivāraṇa

nivāraṇa - prevention, warding off, checking

verbal noun

from root 'vṛ' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'prāhiṇot'.

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'prāhiṇot'.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he sent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Luṅ) of prahi

imperfect active

root 'hi' with upasarga 'pra', imperfect (Luṅ) 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: From root `hā` (to go, send) or `hi` (to send).

त्वत् (tvat) - your

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: First part of compound 'tvatsakāśam'.

सकाशम् (sakāśam) - presence, vicinity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, dwelling

Note: Second part of compound 'tvatsakāśam'. The compound means 'to your presence'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root 'śru' (5th class), +ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

विद्वन् (vidvan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O wise one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - wise, learned

Past Active Participle

from root 'vid' (to know), +vas suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun in vocative.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, auspicious, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, better, welfare, prosperity

Note: Object of 'ācarasva'.

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

आचरस्व (ācarasva) - you should do, you should act

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of ācar

imperative middle

root 'car' (1st class) with upasarga 'ā', imperative (Loṭ) 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

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