महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रायाद्विदुरोऽश्वैरुदारैर्महाजवैर्बलिभिः साधुदान्तैः ।
बलान्नियुक्तो धृतराष्ट्रेण राज्ञा मनीषिणां पाण्डवानां सकाशम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ prāyādviduro'śvairudārai;rmahājavairbalibhiḥ sādhudāntaiḥ ,
balānniyukto dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa rājñā; manīṣiṇāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ sakāśam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ prāyāt viduraḥ
aśvaiḥ udāraiḥ mahājavaiḥ balibhiḥ
sādhudāntaiḥ balāt niyuktaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa
rājñā manīṣiṇām pāṇḍavānām sakāśam

1. Vaishampayana said, "Thereupon, Vidura departed on excellent, very swift, strong, and well-tamed horses. He had been compelled by King Dhritarashtra to go to the wise Pandavas."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya (Vaishampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, thereupon, then

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, went forth

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Dhritarashtra's younger half-brother (Vidura)

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

• उदारैः (udāraiḥ) - excellent (describing horses) (noble, excellent, generous)

• महाजवैः (mahājavaiḥ) - very swift (describing horses) (very swift, of great speed)

• बलिभिः (balibhiḥ) - strong (describing horses) (by the strong ones)

• साधुदान्तैः (sādhudāntaiḥ) - well-tamed (describing horses) (by the well-tamed ones, by the perfectly disciplined ones)

• बलात् (balāt) - under the compelling authority (of Dhritarashtra) (by force, by power, under authority)

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed/ordered (by King Dhritarashtra) (appointed, ordered, employed)

• धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhritarashtra

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - By King Dhritarashtra (by the king)

• मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - of the wise Pandavas (of the wise, of the sagacious)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• सकाशम् (sakāśam) - to the presence of the Pandavas (to the presence, to the vicinity, near)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya (Vaishampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root vac, perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, thereupon, then

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas from tad

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of yā

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root yā with upasarga pra, imperfect tense, parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Dhritarashtra's younger half-brother (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name), wise, intelligent

Root: vid (class 2)

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

उदारैः (udāraiḥ) - excellent (describing horses) (noble, excellent, generous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of udāra

udāra - noble, excellent, generous, eminent, liberal

Compound: ud- + ā- + √ṛ

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

महाजवैः (mahājavaiḥ) - very swift (describing horses) (very swift, of great speed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahājava

mahājava - of great speed, very swift

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+java)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• java – speed, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root jū
  Root: jū (class 1)

बलिभिः (balibhiḥ) - strong (describing horses) (by the strong ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, powerful, vigorous

Suffix -in

Root: bala

साधुदान्तैः (sādhudāntaiḥ) - well-tamed (describing horses) (by the well-tamed ones, by the perfectly disciplined ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādhudānta

sādhudānta - well-tamed, well-disciplined, perfectly trained

Compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sādhu+dānta)

• sādhu – good, proper, excellent, well
  adjective
• dānta – tamed, disciplined, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dam
  Root: dam (class 4)

बलात् (balāt) - under the compelling authority (of Dhritarashtra) (by force, by power, under authority)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, authority, army

Note: Used adverbially.

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed/ordered (by King Dhritarashtra) (appointed, ordered, employed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, ordered, employed, assigned

Past Passive Participle

From ni- + √yuj

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

धृतराष्ट्रेण (dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name); one who has held the kingdom.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm
  noun (neuter)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - By King Dhritarashtra (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

मनीषिणाम् (manīṣiṇām) - of the wise Pandavas (of the wise, of the sagacious)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, sagacious, intelligent, discerning

Derived from manīṣā (wisdom)

Root: man (class 4)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, Pandava

Patronymic from Pandu

सकाशम् (sakāśam) - to the presence of the Pandavas (to the presence, to the vicinity, near)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, proximity

Compound: sa- + kāśa (appearance)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+kāśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• kāśa – appearance, light, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kāś (to shine, appear)
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, meaning 'to the presence of'.