महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-52, verse-13

विदुर उवाच ।
गान्धारराजः शकुनिर्विशां पते राजातिदेवी कृतहस्तो मताक्षः ।
विविंशतिश्चित्रसेनश्च राजा सत्यव्रतः पुरुमित्रो जयश्च ॥१३॥

13. vidura uvāca ,
gāndhārarājaḥ śakunirviśāṁ pate; rājātidevī kṛtahasto matākṣaḥ ,
viviṁśatiścitrasenaśca rājā; satyavrataḥ purumitro jayaśca.

13. viduraḥ uvāca | gāndhārarājaḥ śakuniḥ
viśām pate rājā atidevī kṛtahastaḥ
matākṣaḥ | viviṃśatiḥ ca citrasenaḥ ca
rājā satyavrataḥ purumitraḥ jayaḥ ca

13. Vidura said, "O lord of the people, King Śakuni, the ruler of Gāndhāra, is a supremely skilled gambler, expert, and cunning with dice. Also present are Viviṃśati, Citrasena, King Satyavrata, Purumitra, and Jaya."

13. וִידוּרַה אמר, הו אדון העם, שם שַׁקוּנִי מלך גָאנְדְהָארַה, המלך המהמר המיומן, בעל יד מאומנת ומומחה לקוביות. וכן וִיוִימְשַׁטִי וצ׳ִיטְרַסֵנַה, והמלך סַטְיַוְרַטַה, פּוּרוּמִיטְרַה וג׳ַיַה.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गान्धारराजः (gāndhārarājaḥ) - Refers to Śakuni. (King of Gāndhāra)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O lord, O master)

• राजा (rājā) - Refers to Śakuni. (king)

• अतिदेवी (atidevī) - a supremely skilled gambler

• कृतहस्तः (kṛtahastaḥ) - Skilled in gambling. (skilled, expert, dexterous)

• मताक्षः (matākṣaḥ) - Cunning or skillful with dice. (knowing the dice, skilled in dice)

• विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Viviṃśati

• च (ca) - and

• चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - Citrasena

• च (ca) - and

• राजा (rājā) - Refers to Satyavrata, implying he is also a king. (king)

• सत्यव्रतः (satyavrataḥ) - Satyavrata

• पुरुमित्रः (purumitraḥ) - Purumitra

• जयः (jayaḥ) - Jaya

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

गान्धारराजः (gāndhārarājaḥ) - Refers to Śakuni. (King of Gāndhāra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāndhārarāja

gāndhārarāja - King of Gāndhāra

Compound type : tatpurusha (gāndhāra+rājan)

• gāndhāra – Gāndhāra (a kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Noun in apposition to Śakuni.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (name of the maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for gambling)

Note: Main subject of this part of the sentence.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, folk, settlement

Note: Forms a compound with 'pate'.

पते (pate) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira. (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Forms a vocative compound 'viśām pate' (O lord of the people).

राजा (rājā) - Refers to Śakuni. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Another noun in apposition to Śakuni.

अतिदेवी (atidevī) - a supremely skilled gambler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atidevin

atidevin - supremely skilled gambler

compound of 'ati' (excessive) and 'devin' (gambler)

Prefix: ati

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Adjective-like description for Śakuni.

कृतहस्तः (kṛtahastaḥ) - Skilled in gambling. (skilled, expert, dexterous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtahasta

kṛtahasta - skilled, expert, trained (lit. 'whose hand is made')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+hasta)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'kṛ' (to do), +kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for Śakuni.

मताक्षः (matākṣaḥ) - Cunning or skillful with dice. (knowing the dice, skilled in dice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matākṣa

matākṣa - skilled in dice, knowing the dice

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mata+akṣa)

• mata – known, thought, esteemed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'man' (to think, know), +kta suffix
  Root: man (class 4)
• akṣa – die (for gambling), cube
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for Śakuni.

विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Viviṃśati

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viviṃśati

viviṁśati - Viviṃśati (name of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: A gambler mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - Citrasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Citrasena (name of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, or a Gandharva king)

Note: A gambler mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

राजा (rājā) - Refers to Satyavrata, implying he is also a king. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Precedes Satyavrata, suggesting Satyavrata is also a king.

सत्यव्रतः (satyavrataḥ) - Satyavrata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavrata

satyavrata - Satyavrata (name of a king or prince)

Note: A gambler mentioned.

पुरुमित्रः (purumitraḥ) - Purumitra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purumitra

purumitra - Purumitra (name of a king or prince)

Note: A gambler mentioned.

जयः (jayaḥ) - Jaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - Jaya (name of a king or prince)

Note: A gambler mentioned.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

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