महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-37

ततः प्रत्यक्षतो दृष्ट्वा पक्षिणस्ते समागताः ।
निजघ्नुस्तं तदा हंसं मिथ्यावृत्तं कुरूद्वह ॥३७॥

37. tataḥ pratyakṣato dṛṣṭvā pakṣiṇaste samāgatāḥ ,
nijaghnustaṁ tadā haṁsaṁ mithyāvṛttaṁ kurūdvaha.

37. tataḥ pratyakṣataḥ dṛṣṭvā pakṣiṇaḥ te samāgatāḥ
nijaghnuḥ tam tadā haṃsam mithyāvṛttam kurūdvaha

37. O scion of Kuru, then those birds, having gathered and witnessed (the misdeed) directly, immediately killed that deceitful swan.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रत्यक्षतः (pratyakṣataḥ) - directly, visibly, personally

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - the birds

• ते (te) - those (birds) (those, they)

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - having assembled, gathered, come together

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, struck down, smote

• तम् (tam) - him (the swan) (him, that)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• हंसम् (haṁsam) - the swan

• मिथ्यावृत्तम् (mithyāvṛttam) - of false conduct, ill-behaved, deceitful

• कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - vocative addressing Dhritarashtra (O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यक्षतः (pratyakṣataḥ) - directly, visibly, personally

(indeclinable)

derived from pratyakṣa (visible, perceptible) with suffix -tas

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś + tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - the birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

ते (te) - those (birds) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - having assembled, gathered, come together

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, gathered, come together, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from sam + ā + √gam (to go, come)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, struck down, smote

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (the swan) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

हंसम् (haṁsam) - the swan

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose

मिथ्यावृत्तम् (mithyāvṛttam) - of false conduct, ill-behaved, deceitful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mithyāvṛtta

mithyāvṛtta - false conduct, ill-behaved, deceitful, wicked

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mithyā+vṛtta)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, in vain
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurrence, event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt (to be, exist, occur) used as a noun
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - vocative addressing Dhritarashtra (O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - scion of Kuru, descendant of Kuru, bearer of the Kuru name

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearing, carrying, producing, causing
  adjective
  agent noun/suffix
  from ud + √vah (to carry, bear)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)