महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-25

न त्वहं तव धर्मज्ञ पश्याम्युपचयं क्वचित् ।
न हि ते सेविता वृद्धा य एवं धर्ममब्रुवन् ॥२५॥

25. na tvahaṁ tava dharmajña paśyāmyupacayaṁ kvacit ,
na hi te sevitā vṛddhā ya evaṁ dharmamabruvan.

25. na tu aham tava dharmajña paśyāmi upacayam kvacit
na hi te sevitāḥ vṛddhāḥ ye evam dharmam abruvan

25. But O knower of (dharma), I do not see any advantage for you anywhere (in your conduct). For you have surely not served those elders who spoke of (dharma) in such a way.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तव (tava) - your

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (O knower of righteousness/duty (dharma))

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

• उपचयम् (upacayam) - increase, growth, advantage, benefit

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, at all, sometimes

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• ते (te) - by you

• सेविताः (sevitāḥ) - served, worshipped, frequented

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, wise people

• ये (ye) - who

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates paśyāmi.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses with a contrast.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of paśyāmi.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (O knower of righteousness/duty (dharma))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of duty, righteous, knowing natural law

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Address to Bhishma.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Verb for aham.

उपचयम् (upacayam) - increase, growth, advantage, benefit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upacaya

upacaya - increase, accumulation, advantage, benefit

Derived from √ci 'to gather' with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of paśyāmi.

क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, at all, sometimes

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/extent.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates sevitāḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic/causal particle.

ते (te) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction (sevitāḥ).

सेविताः (sevitāḥ) - served, worshipped, frequented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sevita

sevita - served, attended, worshipped, frequented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb √sev 'to serve, worship, attend'

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Refers to vṛddhāḥ.

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old people, wise people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb √vṛdh 'to grow, increase'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive clause.

ये (ye) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to vṛddhāḥ.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying abruvan.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, virtue, natural law, religion, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of abruvan.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Verb for ye (vṛddhāḥ).