महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-1

शिशुपाल उवाच ।
विभीषिकाभिर्बह्वीभिर्भीषयन्सर्वपार्थिवान् ।
न व्यपत्रपसे कस्माद्वृद्धः सन्कुलपांसनः ॥१॥

1. śiśupāla uvāca ,
vibhīṣikābhirbahvībhirbhīṣayansarvapārthivān ,
na vyapatrapase kasmādvṛddhaḥ sankulapāṁsanaḥ.

1. śiśupālaḥ uvāca vibhīṣikābhiḥ bahvībhiḥ bhīṣayan
sarvapārthivān na vyapatrapase kasmāt vṛddhaḥ san kulapāṃsanaḥ

1. Śiśupāla said: 'Being old and a disgrace to your family (kulapāṃsana), why are you not ashamed, constantly intimidating all kings with so many threats?'

Words meanings summery:

• शिशुपालः (śiśupālaḥ) - Śiśupāla (Śiśupāla (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• विभीषिकाभिः (vibhīṣikābhiḥ) - with threats (with threats, with intimidations, with scares)

• बह्वीभिः (bahvībhiḥ) - with many (threats) (with many, with numerous)

• भीषयन् (bhīṣayan) - frightening, intimidating (frightening, terrifying, intimidating)

• सर्वपार्थिवान् (sarvapārthivān) - all kings (all kings, all rulers of the earth)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• व्यपत्रपसे (vyapatrapase) - you are ashamed (you are ashamed, you blush)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what cause)

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged (old, aged, grown)

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• कुलपांसनः (kulapāṁsanaḥ) - disgracer of the family (kulapāṃsana) (disgracer of the family, defiler of the lineage)

Words meanings and morphology

शिशुपालः (śiśupālaḥ) - Śiśupāla (Śiśupāla (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiśupāla

śiśupāla - Śiśupāla (a king of Cedi, antagonist of Krishna)

Literally "child-protector" (śiśu + pāla)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śiśu+pāla)

• śiśu – child, infant
  noun (masculine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Perfect form of root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

विभीषिकाभिः (vibhīṣikābhiḥ) - with threats (with threats, with intimidations, with scares)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vibhīṣikā

vibhīṣikā - fright, terror, intimidation, threat

From root bhī (to fear) with prefix vi and suffix ṣikā.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Instrumental agent of bhīṣayan.

बह्वीभिः (bahvībhiḥ) - with many (threats) (with many, with numerous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Feminine instrumental plural form.

भीषयन् (bhīṣayan) - frightening, intimidating (frightening, terrifying, intimidating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣayat

bhīṣayat - frightening, terrifying, causing fear

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Formed from causative stem bhīṣaya (from root bhī) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Participle modifying the implied subject "you".

सर्वपार्थिवान् (sarvapārthivān) - all kings (all kings, all rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvapārthiva

sarvapārthiva - all kings, all rulers of the earth

Compound of sarva (all) and pārthiva (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+pārthiva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• pārthiva – king, ruler, earthly
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

व्यपत्रपसे (vyapatrapase) - you are ashamed (you are ashamed, you blush)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of trap

Present Middle Indicative

Root trap (class 1) with prefixes vi and apa. vi-apa-trap-a-se

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: trap (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what cause)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Ablative singular form of kim.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective.

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true, real

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Participle.

कुलपांसनः (kulapāṁsanaḥ) - disgracer of the family (kulapāṃsana) (disgracer of the family, defiler of the lineage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulapāṃsana

kulapāṁsana - disgracer of the family, defiler of the lineage, family-waster

Compound of kula (family) and pāṃsana (defiler, dust-thrower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+pāṃsana)

• kula – family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• pāṃsana – defiler, polluter, disgracer (literally 'one who throws dust')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pāṃs (to dust, to defile)
  Root: pāṃs (class 10)

Note: Vocative usage, implicitly addressing Bhīṣma as "you".