महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-27

व्रतोपवासैर्बहुभिः कृतं भवति भीष्म यत् ।
सर्वं तदनपत्यस्य मोघं भवति निश्चयात् ॥२७॥

27. vratopavāsairbahubhiḥ kṛtaṁ bhavati bhīṣma yat ,
sarvaṁ tadanapatyasya moghaṁ bhavati niścayāt.

27. vrata upavāsaiḥ bahubhiḥ kṛtam bhavati bhīṣma yat
sarvam tat anapatyasya mogham bhavati niścayāt

27. O Bhishma, whatever is accomplished through many vows and fasts – all that, for a childless person, surely becomes fruitless.

Words meanings summery:

• व्रत (vrata) - religious vow (vow, sacred observance, religious duty)

• उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - by means of fasts (by fasts)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (vows and fasts) (by many, with many)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - that which has been performed or accomplished (done, made, performed)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (becomes, happens, is)

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma (a revered warrior and elder in the Mahabharata) (Bhishma (proper noun))

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of that previously mentioned) (all, every, whole)

• तत् (tat) - that (collective sum) (that, it)

• अनपत्यस्य (anapatyasya) - for a childless person (of a childless person, of one without offspring)

• मोघम् (mogham) - fruitless, vain (in vain, fruitless, useless)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (becomes, happens, is)

• निश्चयात् (niścayāt) - undoubtedly, certainly (from certainty, undoubtedly, surely)

Words meanings and morphology

व्रत (vrata) - religious vow (vow, sacred observance, religious duty)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - sacred vow, religious observance, duty, command

From root vṛ (to cover, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in a Dvandva compound "vrata-upavāsa" meaning "vows and fasts". The instrumental plural ending applies to the whole compound.

उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - by means of fasts (by fasts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upavāsa

upavāsa - fasting, abstaining from food

From root vas (to dwell) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The Dvandva compound is `vrata-upavāsa`. "vrata upavāsaiḥ" can be seen as "by vows and fasts".

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (vows and fasts) (by many, with many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Agrees with "vrata upavāsaiḥ".

कृतम् (kṛtam) - that which has been performed or accomplished (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix kta (past passive participle)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yat'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (becomes, happens, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, active voice

Parasmaipada verb, present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma (a revered warrior and elder in the Mahabharata) (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, awful; name of a celebrated hero of the Mahābhārata

Note: Addressed to Bhishma.

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'kṛtam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of that previously mentioned) (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Correlates with 'yat'.

तत् (tat) - that (collective sum) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Correlative to 'yat'.

अनपत्यस्य (anapatyasya) - for a childless person (of a childless person, of one without offspring)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anapatya

anapatya - childless, without progeny

Negated form of apatya (offspring). 'an-' is a negative prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apatya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• apatya – offspring, child, progeny
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Implies "for a childless person".

मोघम् (mogham) - fruitless, vain (in vain, fruitless, useless)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - vain, fruitless, useless, empty

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective agreeing with 'sarvam tat'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (becomes, happens, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, active voice

Parasmaipada verb, present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

निश्चयात् (niścayāt) - undoubtedly, certainly (from certainty, undoubtedly, surely)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, determination, firm conviction

From niś + ci (to collect, determine)

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Adverbial use.