महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-15

ज्ञानवृद्धं च वृद्धं च भूयांसं केशवं मम ।
अजानत इवाख्यासि संस्तुवन्कुरुसत्तम ।
गोघ्नः स्त्रीघ्नश्च सन्भीष्म कथं संस्तवमर्हति ॥१५॥

15. jñānavṛddhaṁ ca vṛddhaṁ ca bhūyāṁsaṁ keśavaṁ mama ,
ajānata ivākhyāsi saṁstuvankurusattama ,
goghnaḥ strīghnaśca sanbhīṣma kathaṁ saṁstavamarhati.

15. jñānavṛddham ca vṛddham ca bhūyāṃsam
keśavam mama ajānataḥ iva ākhyāsi
saṃstuvan kurusattama goghnaḥ strīghnaḥ
ca san bhīṣma katham saṃstavam arhati

15. O best of Kurus, you speak as if ignorant, even while praising my Keshava, who is great, advanced in knowledge, and aged. O Bhishma, how can someone who is a killer of cows and women deserve such praise?

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञानवृद्धम् (jñānavṛddham) - grown in knowledge, wise

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged, old, grown

• च (ca) - and

• भूयांसम् (bhūyāṁsam) - great (in stature/importance) (great, mighty, more, abundant)

• केशवम् (keśavam) - my Keshava (Krishna) (Keshava (a name of Krishna/Vishnu))

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• अजानतः (ajānataḥ) - as if not knowing (not knowing, ignorant)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आख्यासि (ākhyāsi) - you tell, you speak, you relate

• संस्तुवन् (saṁstuvan) - praising, extolling

• कुरुसत्तम (kurusattama) - O best of Kurus

• गोघ्नः (goghnaḥ) - cow-killer, one who kills cows

• स्त्रीघ्नः (strīghnaḥ) - woman-killer, one who kills women

• च (ca) - and

• सन् (san) - while being, if one is (being, existing)

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• संस्तवम् (saṁstavam) - praise, eulogy

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञानवृद्धम् (jñānavṛddham) - grown in knowledge, wise

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñānavṛddha

jñānavṛddha - grown in knowledge, wise

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāna+vṛddha)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vṛddha – grown, aged, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies Keśavam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged, old, grown

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies Keśavam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भूयांसम् (bhūyāṁsam) - great (in stature/importance) (great, mighty, more, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūyas

bhūyas - more, greater, abundant, mighty

Comparative form of bahu (much)

Note: Modifies Keśavam.

केशवम् (keśavam) - my Keshava (Krishna) (Keshava (a name of Krishna/Vishnu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keshava (name of Krishna or Vishnu)

Note: Object of ākhyāsi.

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, modifying Keśavam.

अजानतः (ajānataḥ) - as if not knowing (not knowing, ignorant)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant

Present Active Participle

Negative participle of root jñā (to know) with prefix a-

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Genitive is often used with iva to indicate 'as if (of)' or 'as if being (one who)'. It refers to the subject of ākhyāsi.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

आख्यासि (ākhyāsi) - you tell, you speak, you relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ākhyā

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

संस्तुवन् (saṁstuvan) - praising, extolling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃstuvat

saṁstuvat - praising, extolling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root stu (to praise) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Participle modifying the implied subject 'you'.

कुरुसत्तम (kurusattama) - O best of Kurus

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurusattama

kurusattama - best among Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of sat (good)

Note: Addressing Bhishma.

गोघ्नः (goghnaḥ) - cow-killer, one who kills cows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goghna

goghna - cow-killer, one who kills cows

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (go+ghna)

• go – cow, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• ghna – killer, destroyer (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative noun for the implied subject 'he/someone'.

स्त्रीघ्नः (strīghnaḥ) - woman-killer, one who kills women

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of strīghna

strīghna - woman-killer, one who kills women

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (strī+ghna)

• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)
• ghna – killer, destroyer (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative noun for the implied subject 'he/someone'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects goghna and strīghna.

सन् (san) - while being, if one is (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Participle for the implied subject.

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhishma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

संस्तवम् (saṁstavam) - praise, eulogy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃstava

saṁstava - praise, eulogy, commendation

Prefix: sam

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Object of arhati.

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied person who is a goghna and strīghna.