महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-38, verse-30

वृद्धः किल समुद्रान्ते कश्चिद्धंसोऽभवत्पुरा ।
धर्मवागन्यथावृत्तः पक्षिणः सोऽनुशास्ति ह ॥३०॥

30. vṛddhaḥ kila samudrānte kaściddhaṁso'bhavatpurā ,
dharmavāganyathāvṛttaḥ pakṣiṇaḥ so'nuśāsti ha.

30. vṛddhaḥ kila samudrānte kaścit haṃsaḥ abhavat purā
dharmavāk anyathāvṛttaḥ pakṣiṇaḥ saḥ anuśāsti ha

30. It is said that long ago, at the edge of the ocean, there lived a certain old swan. Although his own conduct was not in accordance with it, he would instruct the other birds on natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• किल (kila) - indeed, surely, it is said, they say

• समुद्रान्ते (samudrānte) - at the edge of the ocean, on the seashore

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - some, a certain, someone

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, gander

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed, became

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, long ago

• धर्मवाक् (dharmavāk) - speaking of natural law (dharma), one who speaks righteousness

• अन्यथावृत्तः (anyathāvṛttaḥ) - whose conduct was otherwise, of contrary behavior, having different conduct

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - instructs, teaches, disciplines

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily, surely

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with kta suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

किल (kila) - indeed, surely, it is said, they say

(indeclinable)

समुद्रान्ते (samudrānte) - at the edge of the ocean, on the seashore

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudrānta

samudrānta - end of the ocean, seashore

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samudra+anta)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, boundary, edge
  noun (masculine)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - some, a certain, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - some, a certain, someone

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, gander

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, gander, a kind of bird

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, long ago

(indeclinable)

धर्मवाक् (dharmavāk) - speaking of natural law (dharma), one who speaks righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavāc

dharmavāc - speaking righteousness, speaking natural law (dharma), righteous speech

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vāc)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

अन्यथावृत्तः (anyathāvṛttaḥ) - whose conduct was otherwise, of contrary behavior, having different conduct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anyathāvṛtta

anyathāvṛtta - one whose conduct is otherwise, behaving differently

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anyathā+vṛtta)

• anyathā – otherwise, in a different manner
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, happened, become
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist, behave) with kta suffix.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird (literally 'having wings')

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - instructs, teaches, disciplines

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śās

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)