महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-3, verse-18

पुरा द्वैतवने चासि मया पुत्र परीक्षितः ।
पानीयार्थे पराक्रान्ता यत्र ते भ्रातरो हताः ॥१८॥

18. purā dvaitavane cāsi mayā putra parīkṣitaḥ ,
pānīyārthe parākrāntā yatra te bhrātaro hatāḥ.

18. purā dvaitavane ca asi mayā putra parīkṣitaḥ
pānīyārthe parākrāntāḥ yatra te bhrātaraḥ hatāḥ

18. putra purā dvaitavane ca mayā parīkṣitaḥ asi
yatra te bhrātaraḥ pānīyārthe parākrāntāḥ hatāḥ

18. O son, you were tested by me long ago in the Dvaita forest, where your brothers, having struggled for water, lay struck down.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, long ago, in front of, before)

• द्वैतवने (dvaitavane) - in the Dvaita forest (a specific forest) (in the Dvaita forest)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• असि (asi) - you were (you are)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Dharma, the speaker) (by me)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son)

• परीक्षितः (parīkṣitaḥ) - you were tested (tested, examined, tried)

• पानीयार्थे (pānīyārthe) - for the sake of obtaining water (for the sake of water, for the purpose of water)

• पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - exhausted from the effort (of seeking water) (exhausted, overcome, fallen, defeated, attacked)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place, in which case)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you)

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - your brothers (brothers)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down (by the Yakṣa) (killed, struck down, destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, long ago, in front of, before)

(indeclinable)

द्वैतवने (dvaitavane) - in the Dvaita forest (a specific forest) (in the Dvaita forest)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvaitavana

dvaitavana - Dvaita forest (name of a forest mentioned in the Mahābhārata)

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you were (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

Second person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

मया (mayā) - by me (Dharma, the speaker) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of mad

mad - I, me (first person pronoun)

पुत्र (putra) - O son (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

परीक्षितः (parīkṣitaḥ) - you were tested (tested, examined, tried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīkṣita

parīkṣita - tested, examined, inspected, tried, proved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'pari' + root 'īkṣ' (to see, perceive, observe) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'you' (Yudhiṣṭhira).

पानीयार्थे (pānīyārthe) - for the sake of obtaining water (for the sake of water, for the purpose of water)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pānīyārtha

pānīyārtha - purpose of water, sake of water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pānīya+artha)

• pānīya – water, drinkable, fit to be drunk
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root 'pā' (to drink) + suffix 'anīya'.
  Root: pā (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

पराक्रान्ताः (parākrāntāḥ) - exhausted from the effort (of seeking water) (exhausted, overcome, fallen, defeated, attacked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parākrānta

parākrānta - exhausted, overcome, attacked, fallen, valiant, mighty

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'parā' + 'ā' + root 'kram' (to step, go) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātaraḥ'.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place, in which case)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tva

tva - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic genitive/dative form, here used possessively.

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - your brothers (brothers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

हताः (hatāḥ) - struck down (by the Yakṣa) (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, smitten, destroyed, lost, gone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) + suffix 'kta'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātaraḥ'.