महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-3, verse-12

इन्द्र उवाच ।
शुना दृष्टं क्रोधवशा हरन्ति यद्दत्तमिष्टं विवृतमथो हुतं च ।
तस्माच्छुनस्त्यागमिमं कुरुष्व शुनस्त्यागात्प्राप्स्यसे देवलोकम् ॥१२॥

12. indra uvāca ,
śunā dṛṣṭaṁ krodhavaśā haranti; yaddattamiṣṭaṁ vivṛtamatho hutaṁ ca ,
tasmācchunastyāgamimaṁ kuruṣva; śunastyāgātprāpsyase devalokam.

12. Indra uvāca śunā dṛṣṭam krodhavaśāḥ
haranti yat dattam iṣṭam vivṛtam atho
hutam ca tasmāt śunaḥ tyāgam imam
kuruṣva śunaḥ tyāgāt prāpsyase devalokam

12. Indra uvāca yat dattam iṣṭam vivṛtam
atho hutam ca śunā dṛṣṭam krodhavaśāḥ
haranti tasmāt imam śunaḥ tyāgam
kuruṣva śunaḥ tyāgāt devalokam prāpsyase

12. Indra said: "Whatever has been given, offered in a Vedic ritual (iṣṭa), publicly declared, or offered into the fire (huta) – all of it, when seen by a dog, is seized and rendered ineffective by their inherent nature of anger. Therefore, you must abandon this dog. By abandoning the dog, you will attain the realm of the gods (devaloka)."

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्र (indra) - The king of the gods in Vedic Hinduism (Indra (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शुना (śunā) - by a dog

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - that which has been seen by a dog (seen, perceived)

• क्रोधवशाः (krodhavaśāḥ) - the dogs, due to their angry nature (those who are under the sway of anger; dominated by anger)

• हरन्ति (haranti) - they (the dogs) render ineffective or nullify the merit (they seize, they carry away, they destroy)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (meritorious action) (whatever, which, that which)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - whatever has been given (as charity) (given, granted, offered)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - that which has been offered in a Vedic ritual (iṣṭa) (offered (in Vedic ritual); desired; sacrifice, offering)

• विवृतम् (vivṛtam) - that which has been publicly declared or made manifest (uncovered, revealed, disclosed, exposed)

• अथो (atho) - and, also, moreover

• हुतम् (hutam) - that which has been offered into the sacred fire (huta) (offered in fire, sacrificed)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that reason

• शुनः (śunaḥ) - of the dog

• त्यागम् (tyāgam) - the act of abandoning the dog (abandonment, relinquishment)

• इमम् (imam) - this (abandonment) (this, this one (masculine accusative))

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, make (imperative middle)

• शुनः (śunaḥ) - from the dog (as part of 'from the abandonment of the dog') (of the dog, from the dog)

• त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - by the act of abandoning (from abandonment, by abandonment)

• प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain, you will reach

• देवलोकम् (devalokam) - the realm of the gods, celestial world

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्र (indra) - The king of the gods in Vedic Hinduism (Indra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Indra

Indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

शुना (śunā) - by a dog

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - that which has been seen by a dog (seen, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

past passive participle

root dṛś + kta (past participle suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

क्रोधवशाः (krodhavaśāḥ) - the dogs, due to their angry nature (those who are under the sway of anger; dominated by anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krodhavaśa

krodhavaśa - subject to anger, under the power of anger

Compound type : Tatpurusha (krodha+vaśa)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛdh (class 4)
• vaśa – will, control, power; subject to
  noun (masculine)

हरन्ति (haranti) - they (the dogs) render ineffective or nullify the merit (they seize, they carry away, they destroy)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - whatever (meritorious action) (whatever, which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

दत्तम् (dattam) - whatever has been given (as charity) (given, granted, offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

past passive participle

root dā + kta (past participle suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - that which has been offered in a Vedic ritual (iṣṭa) (offered (in Vedic ritual); desired; sacrifice, offering)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - offered (in Vedic ritual); desired; sacrifice, offering

past passive participle

root yaj + kta (past participle suffix)

Root: yaj (class 1)

विवृतम् (vivṛtam) - that which has been publicly declared or made manifest (uncovered, revealed, disclosed, exposed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivṛta

vivṛta - uncovered, revealed, disclosed, laid bare

past passive participle

root vṛ + kta (past participle suffix) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अथो (atho) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

atha with sandhi to o

हुतम् (hutam) - that which has been offered into the sacred fire (huta) (offered in fire, sacrificed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of huta

huta - offered in fire, sacrificed; a fire offering

past passive participle

root hu + kta (past participle suffix)

Root: hu (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that reason

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad

शुनः (śunaḥ) - of the dog

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

त्यागम् (tyāgam) - the act of abandoning the dog (abandonment, relinquishment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation

root tyaj + ghañ (nominal suffix)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (abandonment) (this, this one (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, make (imperative middle)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शुनः (śunaḥ) - from the dog (as part of 'from the abandonment of the dog') (of the dog, from the dog)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - by the act of abandoning (from abandonment, by abandonment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation

root tyaj + ghañ (nominal suffix)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will attain, you will reach

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (Lṛṭ) of āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

देवलोकम् (devalokam) - the realm of the gods, celestial world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devaloka

devaloka - the world or realm of the gods, heaven

Compound type : Tatpurusha (deva+loka)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)