महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-3, verse-14

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
न विद्यते संधिरथापि विग्रहो मृतैर्मर्त्यैरिति लोकेषु निष्ठा ।
न ते मया जीवयितुं हि शक्या तस्मात्त्यागस्तेषु कृतो न जीवताम् ॥१४॥

14. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
na vidyate saṁdhirathāpi vigraho; mṛtairmartyairiti lokeṣu niṣṭhā ,
na te mayā jīvayituṁ hi śakyā; tasmāttyāgasteṣu kṛto na jīvatām.

14. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca na vidyate sandhiḥ
atha api vigrahaḥ mṛtaiḥ martyaiḥ iti
lokeṣu niṣṭhā na te mayā jīvayitum hi
śakyā tasmāt tyāgaḥ teṣu kṛtaḥ na jīvatām

14. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca mṛtaiḥ martyaiḥ sandhiḥ
atha api vigrahaḥ na vidyate iti
lokeṣu niṣṭhā hi te mayā jīvayitum na
śakyā tasmāt tyāgaḥ teṣu kṛtaḥ na jīvatām

14. Yudhishthira said: "There is no possibility of alliance or conflict with dead mortals; this is an established truth in the world. Indeed, I cannot bring them back to life. Therefore, my abandonment was directed towards them, as they were not among the living."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found)

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (or peace) (union, peace, alliance, junction)

• अथ (atha) - or (implies connection between sandhi and vigraha) (and, now, then)

• अपि (api) - (implied 'or') (also, even)

• विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict (or war) (war, conflict, separation)

• मृतैः (mṛtaiḥ) - with the dead (people) (by the dead, with the dead)

• मर्त्यैः (martyaiḥ) - with mortals (who are dead) (by mortals, with mortals)

• इति (iti) - this is (thus, so, in this way)

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the world, among people (among people, in the worlds)

• निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - an established truth (established rule, firm conviction, completion)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - they (referring to brothers and Krishnaa) (they, those)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• जीवयितुम् (jīvayitum) - to bring back to life (to cause to live, to revive)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• शक्या (śakyā) - possible (to be revived) (capable, possible)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation, giving up)

• तेषु (teṣu) - regarding them (the dead) (in them, among them, regarding them)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was made, was directed (done, made, performed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जीवताम् (jīvatām) - concerning the living (of the living)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Yudhishthira's speech.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present middle indicative 3rd person singular. From root 'vid' (4th class, Ātmanepada, to be).

Root: vid (class 4)

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (or peace) (union, peace, alliance, junction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, junction, peace, alliance, treaty, connection

Derived from root 'dhā' with prefix 'sam', meaning 'to join, unite'.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: One of the subjects of 'vidyate'.

अथ (atha) - or (implies connection between sandhi and vigraha) (and, now, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts like 'or' in this context.

अपि (api) - (implied 'or') (also, even)

(indeclinable)

विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - conflict (or war) (war, conflict, separation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - war, conflict, dispute, separation, form, body

Derived from root 'grah' (to seize) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Another subject of 'vidyate'.

मृतैः (mṛtaiḥ) - with the dead (people) (by the dead, with the dead)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, death

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'martyaiḥ'.

मर्त्यैः (martyaiḥ) - with mortals (who are dead) (by mortals, with mortals)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to deceased human beings.

इति (iti) - this is (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the world, among people (among people, in the worlds)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - an established truth (established rule, firm conviction, completion)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - established rule, firm conviction, completion, end, devotion

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'asti'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

ते (te) - they (referring to brothers and Krishnaa) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira's deceased relatives.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Agent of 'jīvayitum'.

जीवयितुम् (jīvayitum) - to bring back to life (to cause to live, to revive)

(verb)

active

infinitive (causative)

Infinitive of the causative form of root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: The infinitive expresses purpose.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शक्या (śakyā) - possible (to be revived) (capable, possible)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, able to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Implies 'revival is not possible (by me)'. Feminine form to agree with an implied feminine noun like 'kriyā' (action) or 'pravṛtti' (activity).

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates consequence.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment (abandonment, renunciation, giving up)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice, giving up

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtaḥ'.

तेषु (teṣu) - regarding them (the dead) (in them, among them, regarding them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the deceased relatives.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was made, was directed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, finished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate for 'tyāgaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for 'jīvatām'.

जीवताम् (jīvatām) - concerning the living (of the living)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, a living being

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural of present active participle of root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Implies 'tyāgaḥ na kṛtaḥ jīvatām' = 'abandonment was not made concerning the living'.