महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-3, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः संनादयञ्शक्रो दिवं भूमिं च सर्वशः ।
रथेनोपययौ पार्थमारोहेत्यब्रवीच्च तम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ saṁnādayañśakro divaṁ bhūmiṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ,
rathenopayayau pārthamārohetyabravīcca tam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ saṃnādayan śakraḥ divam bhūmim ca
sarvaśaḥ rathena upayayau pārtham āroha iti abravīt ca tam

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ śakraḥ divam bhūmim ca sarvaśaḥ
saṃnādayan rathena pārtham tam āroha iti ca abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then Indra (Śakra), making the sky and earth resound completely, approached Pārtha (Arjuna) on his chariot and told him, 'Ascend!'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata, speaks (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, referring to Vaiśampāyana's narration (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon)

• संनादयन् (saṁnādayan) - making the sky and earth resound (causing to resound, making a noise)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra, powerful one)

• दिवम् (divam) - the physical sky (sky, heaven)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the physical earth (earth, ground)

• च (ca) - connecting 'sky' and 'earth' (and, also)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - making everything, the sky and earth, resound completely (completely, entirely)

• रथेन (rathena) - Indra approached using his chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

• उपययौ (upayayau) - Indra approached Arjuna (approached, went near)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, to whom Indra spoke (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• आरोह (āroha) - ascend the chariot (ascend, climb)

• इति (iti) - marking the end of the direct speech (thus, so (quotation marker))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Indra said this to Arjuna (he said, spoke)

• च (ca) - connecting the actions of approaching and speaking (and, also)

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata, speaks (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, referring to Vaiśampāyana's narration (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

From root vac. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

संनादयन् (saṁnādayan) - making the sky and earth resound (causing to resound, making a noise)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnādayat

saṁnādayat - causing to sound, causing to resound

present active participle

Derived from the causative of root nad (to sound) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: nad (class 1)

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (Indra, powerful one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, able

Root: śak (class 5)

दिवम् (divam) - the physical sky (sky, heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the physical earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

च (ca) - connecting 'sky' and 'earth' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - making everything, the sky and earth, resound completely (completely, entirely)

(indeclinable)

From sarva + suffix -śas

रथेन (rathena) - Indra approached using his chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

उपययौ (upayayau) - Indra approached Arjuna (approached, went near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of i

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

From root i (to go) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, to whom Indra spoke (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

आरोह (āroha) - ascend the chariot (ascend, climb)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of āruh

imperative active 2nd singular

From root ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

इति (iti) - marking the end of the direct speech (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Indra said this to Arjuna (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

imperfect active indicative 3rd singular

From root brū (to speak). Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - connecting the actions of approaching and speaking (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to Pārtha (Arjuna).