महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-3, verse-16

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तद्धर्मराजस्य वचो निशम्य धर्मस्वरूपी भगवानुवाच ।
युधिष्ठिरं प्रीतियुक्तो नरेन्द्रं श्लक्ष्णैर्वाक्यैः संस्तवसंप्रयुक्तैः ॥१६॥

16. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taddharmarājasya vaco niśamya; dharmasvarūpī bhagavānuvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhiraṁ prītiyukto narendraṁ; ślakṣṇairvākyaiḥ saṁstavasaṁprayuktaiḥ.

16. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tat dharma rājasya
vacaḥ niśamya dharma svarūpī bhagavān
uvāca yudhiṣṭhiram prīti yuktaḥ narendraṃ
ślakṣṇaiḥ vākyaiḥ saṃstava saṃprayuktaiḥ

16. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tat dharma rājasya
vacaḥ niśamya dharma svarūpī bhagavān
prīti yuktaḥ narendraṃ yudhiṣṭhiram saṃstava
saṃprayuktaiḥ ślakṣṇaiḥ vākyaiḥ uvāca

16. Vaishampayana said: "Having heard those words of Yudhishthira, the king of natural law (dharma-rāja), the revered one (bhagavān), who embodied (dharma), being filled with affection, spoke to King Yudhishthira with gentle words accompanied by praise."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, those)

• धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• राजस्य (rājasya) - of the king

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (words, speech)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard (having heard, having perceived)

• धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• स्वरूपी (svarūpī) - who embodied (dharma) (having the form of, embodied as)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one (Indra) (the revered one, Lord, fortunate, glorious)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• प्रीति (prīti) - affection (affection, love, pleasure, joy)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - filled with (affection) (joined, endowed with, possessed of, engaged in)

• नरेन्द्रं (narendraṁ) - to King (Yudhishthira) (king, lord of men)

• श्लक्ष्णैः (ślakṣṇaiḥ) - gentle (smooth, gentle, soft, bland)

• वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - with words (by words, with words)

• संस्तव (saṁstava) - praise (praise, eulogy)

• संप्रयुक्तैः (saṁprayuktaiḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, connected with, endowed with)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: The narrator of the Mahabharata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Vaishampayana's narration.

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira's previous speech.

धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'dharma-rājasya'.

राजस्य (rājasya) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Second part of the compound 'dharma-rājasya' (King of dharma, referring to Yudhishthira).

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (words, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard (having heard, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'śam' (to be calm) with prefix 'ni', implying 'to listen attentively'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

धर्म (dharma) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'dharma-svarūpī'.

स्वरूपी (svarūpī) - who embodied (dharma) (having the form of, embodied as)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svarūpin

svarūpin - having one's own form, having the nature of, embodied as

Compound: sva (own) + rūpa (form) + -in (possessive suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+rūpa)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, nature, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagavān'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered one (Indra) (the revered one, Lord, fortunate, glorious)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, revered, Lord (epithet for deities)

Note: Refers to Indra, the speaker.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

प्रीति (prīti) - affection (affection, love, pleasure, joy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - love, affection, pleasure, joy, satisfaction

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: First part of the compound 'prīti-yuktaḥ'.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - filled with (affection) (joined, endowed with, possessed of, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, possessed of, fit, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join, to connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagavān'. Forms a compound 'prītīyuktaḥ'.

नरेन्द्रं (narendraṁ) - to King (Yudhishthira) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, sovereign, lord of men

Compound: nṛ (man) + indra (chief, best).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛ+indra)

• nṛ – man, male, hero
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, Indra (the god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another accusative object, referring to Yudhishthira.

श्लक्ष्णैः (ślakṣṇaiḥ) - gentle (smooth, gentle, soft, bland)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of ślakṣṇa

ślakṣṇa - smooth, soft, gentle, bland, courteous

Note: Agrees with 'vākyaiḥ'.

वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - with words (by words, with words)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Instrument of 'uvāca'.

संस्तव (saṁstava) - praise (praise, eulogy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃstava

saṁstava - praise, eulogy, commendation, intimate acquaintance

Derived from root 'stu' (to praise) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: First part of the compound 'saṃstava-saṃprayuktaiḥ'.

संप्रयुक्तैः (saṁprayuktaiḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, connected with, endowed with)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of saṃprayukta

saṁprayukta - joined together, accompanied by, connected with, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyaiḥ'. Forms a compound 'saṃstava-saṃprayuktaiḥ'.