महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-74, verse-18

अध्यापकः परिक्लेशादक्षयं फलमश्नुते ।
विधिवत्पावकं हुत्वा ब्रह्मलोके नराधिप ॥१८॥

18. adhyāpakaḥ parikleśādakṣayaṁ phalamaśnute ,
vidhivatpāvakaṁ hutvā brahmaloke narādhipa.

18. adhyāpakaḥ parikleśāt akṣayam phalam aśnute
vidhivat pāvakam hutvā brahmaloke narādhipa

18. nṛpate,
adhyāpakaḥ parikleśāt akṣayam phalam aśnute.
(saḥ) vidhivat pāvakam hutvā brahmaloke (ca gacchati).

18. A teacher, through arduous effort, obtains an imperishable reward. O lord of men, by performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa) into the fire (pāvaka) according to injunctions, one reaches the world of brahman (brahmaloka).

Words meanings summery:

• अध्यापकः (adhyāpakaḥ) - a teacher (teacher, instructor)

• परिक्लेशात् (parikleśāt) - through arduous effort (from hardship, due to great effort)

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable (imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal)

• फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains (he attains, he obtains, he enjoys)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to injunctions (according to rule, properly, duly)

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - the fire (pāvaka) (fire, purifying, pure)

• हुत्वा (hutvā) - by performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (having offered, having sacrificed)

• ब्रह्मलोके (brahmaloke) - the world of brahman (brahmaloka) (in the world of brahman (brahmaloka))

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

अध्यापकः (adhyāpakaḥ) - a teacher (teacher, instructor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhyāpaka

adhyāpaka - teacher, instructor

Agent noun from root 'i' (to go) with 'adhi' and causative 'ap' prefixes

Prefix: adhi

Root: i

परिक्लेशात् (parikleśāt) - through arduous effort (from hardship, due to great effort)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parikleśa

parikleśa - hardship, trouble, great effort

From 'pari' (around, greatly) and 'kleśa' (suffering, effort)

Prefix: pari

Root: kliś

Note: Indicates cause or means.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable (imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal

From 'a-' (negation) + 'kṣaya' (perishing, decay)

Prefix: a

Root: kṣi

Note: Agrees with 'phalam'.

फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, reward

अश्नुते (aśnute) - obtains (he attains, he obtains, he enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś

Present Tense, Middle Voice

3rd person singular, middle voice, present tense, from root aś (5th class, svādi)

Root: aś (class 5)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to injunctions (according to rule, properly, duly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat from 'vidhi' (rule)

पावकम् (pāvakam) - the fire (pāvaka) (fire, purifying, pure)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifying, pure

From root 'pū' (to purify)

Root: pū

हुत्वा (hutvā) - by performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (having offered, having sacrificed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'hu' (to offer oblation, sacrifice)

Root: hu (class 3)

ब्रह्मलोके (brahmaloke) - the world of brahman (brahmaloka) (in the world of brahman (brahmaloka))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brahmaloka

brahmaloka - world of brahman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+loka)

• brahman – Brahman, universal spirit
  noun (neuter)
• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can be treated as locative, meaning 'in the world of Brahman'.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)