महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-74, verse-15

यस्तु दद्यादकुप्यन्हि तस्य लोकाः सनातनाः ।
क्रोधो हन्ति हि यद्दानं तस्माद्दानात्परो दमः ॥१५॥

15. yastu dadyādakupyanhi tasya lokāḥ sanātanāḥ ,
krodho hanti hi yaddānaṁ tasmāddānātparo damaḥ.

15. yaḥ tu dadyāt akupyan hi tasya lokāḥ sanātanāḥ
krodhaḥ hanti hi yat dānam tasmāt dānāt paraḥ damaḥ

15. yaḥ tu akupyan hi dadyāt,
tasya lokāḥ sanātanāḥ.
hi krodhaḥ yat dānam hanti,
tasmāt dānāt paraḥ damaḥ.

15. He who gives without becoming angry, his abodes are eternal. Indeed, anger destroys the efficacy of a gift; therefore, self-control (dama) is superior to giving (dāna).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he gives (may give, should give, he gives)

• अकुप्यन् (akupyan) - without becoming angry (not becoming angry, without anger)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of that)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - realms, abodes (worlds, realms, people)

• सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (destroys, kills, strikes)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, for, because)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that)

• दानम् (dānam) - the efficacy of a gift (dāna) (giving, gift, charity (dāna))

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• दानात् (dānāt) - than giving (dāna) (from giving, than giving (dāna))

• परः (paraḥ) - superior (superior, higher, other, subsequent)

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (dama) (self-control, restraint (dama))

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - he gives (may give, should give, he gives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, Active Voice

3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood, from root dā (3rd class, juhotyādi)

Root: dā (class 3)

अकुप्यन् (akupyan) - without becoming angry (not becoming angry, without anger)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akupyat

akupyat - not becoming angry

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root 'kup' (4th class) with negative prefix 'a-'

Prefix: a

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: The nominative singular masculine form of the present active participle of a-kup.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - realms, abodes (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient

Note: Agrees with 'lokāḥ'.

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (anger, wrath)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Derived from root 'krudh' (4th class)

Root: krudh (class 4)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (destroys, kills, strikes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Tense, Active Voice

3rd person singular, active voice, present tense, from root han (2nd class, adādi)

Root: han (class 2)

हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, whatever, that

Note: Agrees with 'dānam'.

दानम् (dānam) - the efficacy of a gift (dāna) (giving, gift, charity (dāna))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity

Derived from root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Often used adverbially as 'therefore'.

दानात् (dānāt) - than giving (dāna) (from giving, than giving (dāna))

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity

Derived from root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā

Note: Used in comparison with 'paraḥ'.

परः (paraḥ) - superior (superior, higher, other, subsequent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - superior, higher, other, subsequent

Note: Agrees with 'damaḥ'.

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (dama) (self-control, restraint (dama))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint

Derived from root 'dam' (to tame, control)

Root: dam