महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-143, verse-31

चन्द्रादित्यौ ग्रहनक्षत्रताराः सर्वाणि दर्शान्यथ पौर्णमास्यः ।
नक्षत्रयोगा ऋतवश्च पार्थ विष्वक्सेनात्सर्वमेतत्प्रसूतम् ॥३१॥

31. candrādityau grahanakṣatratārāḥ; sarvāṇi darśānyatha paurṇamāsyaḥ ,
nakṣatrayogā ṛtavaśca pārtha; viṣvaksenātsarvametatprasūtam.

31. candrādityau grahanakṣatratārāḥ
sarvāṇi darśāni atha paurṇamāsyaḥ
nakṣatrayogāḥ ṛtavaḥ ca pārtha
viṣvaksenāt sarvam etat prasūtam

31. pārtha candrādityau grahanakṣatratārāḥ
sarvāṇi darśāni atha
paurṇamāsyaḥ nakṣatrayogāḥ ca ṛtavaḥ
etat sarvam viṣvaksenāt prasūtam

31. O Pārtha, the moon and the sun, the planets, constellations, and stars, all new moon days and full moon days, the conjunctions of stars, and the seasons—all this originates from Viṣvaksena.

Words meanings summery:

• चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the moon and the sun

• ग्रहनक्षत्रताराः (grahanakṣatratārāḥ) - planets, constellations, and stars

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every

• दर्शानि (darśāni) - new moon days (new moon days, sights)

• अथ (atha) - and (and, then, moreover)

• पौर्णमास्यः (paurṇamāsyaḥ) - full moon days

• नक्षत्रयोगाः (nakṣatrayogāḥ) - conjunctions of stars

• ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

• च (ca) - and

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

• विष्वक्सेनात् (viṣvaksenāt) - from Lord Viṣvaksena (a name of Kṛṣṇa) (from Viṣvaksena)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this (all, the whole)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

• प्रसूतम् (prasūtam) - originate (born, produced, originated)

Words meanings and morphology

चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the moon and the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of candrāditya

candrāditya - the moon and the sun

Compound type : dvandva (candra+āditya)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• āditya – sun, son of Aditi
  noun (masculine)

ग्रहनक्षत्रताराः (grahanakṣatratārāḥ) - planets, constellations, and stars

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of grahanakṣatratārā

grahanakṣatratārā - planets, constellations, and stars

Compound type : dvandva (graha+nakṣatra+tārā)

• graha – planet, seizing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• nakṣatra – star, constellation, lunar mansion
  noun (neuter)
• tārā – star
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: This is an irregular dvandva compound where `tārā` determines the gender and number for the group.

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

दर्शानि (darśāni) - new moon days (new moon days, sights)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of darśa

darśa - new moon, sight, appearance

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often refers to the new moon day (amāvasyā).

अथ (atha) - and (and, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect the list items.

पौर्णमास्यः (paurṇamāsyaḥ) - full moon days

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paurṇamāsī

paurṇamāsī - full moon day

Derived from `pūrṇa-māsa` (full month) referring to the full moon day.

नक्षत्रयोगाः (nakṣatrayogāḥ) - conjunctions of stars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nakṣatrayoga

nakṣatrayoga - conjunction of stars (specifically with the moon)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nakṣatra+yoga)

• nakṣatra – star, constellation, lunar mansion
  noun (neuter)
• yoga – conjunction, union, practice, discipline, spiritual discipline (yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the astronomical combinations of stars with other celestial bodies.

ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Postpositional conjunctive.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Descendent of Pṛthā.

विष्वक्सेनात् (viṣvaksenāt) - from Lord Viṣvaksena (a name of Kṛṣṇa) (from Viṣvaksena)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viṣvaksena

viṣvaksena - one whose armies are everywhere, a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣvak+senā)

• viṣvak – all-pervading, everywhere
  indeclinable
  From viṣva + añc.
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sin (class 5)

Note: Indicates source or origin.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this (all, the whole)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to the preceding list of phenomena.

एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near speaker)

प्रसूतम् (prasūtam) - originate (born, produced, originated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prasūta

prasūta - born, produced, brought forth, originated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `sū` (to bring forth, to produce) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively.