महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-143, verse-20

स एव कालं विभजन्नुदेति तस्योत्तरं दक्षिणं चायने द्वे ।
तस्यैवोर्ध्वं तिर्यगधश्चरन्ति गभस्तयो मेदिनीं तापयन्तः ॥२०॥

20. sa eva kālaṁ vibhajannudeti; tasyottaraṁ dakṣiṇaṁ cāyane dve ,
tasyaivordhvaṁ tiryagadhaścaranti; gabhastayo medinīṁ tāpayantaḥ.

20. saḥ eva kālam vibhajan ud eti tasya
uttaram dakṣiṇam ca ayane dve |
tasya eva ūrdhvam tiryak adhaḥ
caranti gabhastayaḥ medinīm tāpayantaḥ

20. saḥ eva kālam vibhajan ud eti tasya
uttaram dakṣiṇam ca dve ayane
tasya eva gabhastayaḥ ūrdhvam tiryak
adhaḥ medinīm tāpayantaḥ caranti

20. He alone rises, dividing time into segments; his are the two solstices, the northern and the southern. His rays move upwards, sideways, and downwards, heating the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• कालम् (kālam) - time

• विभजन् (vibhajan) - dividing, distributing

• उद् (ud) - up, upwards

• एति (eti) - he rises (with 'ud') (he goes, he comes)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern, upper, subsequent

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

• च (ca) - and

• अयने (ayane) - the two solstices (Uttarāyaṇa and Dakṣiṇāyana) (two solstices, two paths)

• द्वे (dve) - two

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, across

• अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they move, they roam

• गभस्तयः (gabhastayaḥ) - (solar) rays (rays, hands)

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth

• तापयन्तः (tāpayantaḥ) - heating, causing to burn

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sun (context from next verses).

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कालम् (kālam) - time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, death

Note: Object of 'vibhajan'.

विभजन् (vibhajan) - dividing, distributing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhajat

vibhajat - dividing, distributing, separating

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root 'bhaj' (to divide) with 'vi' prefix.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

उद् (ud) - up, upwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb forming 'ud eti'.

एति (eti) - he rises (with 'ud') (he goes, he comes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active indicative of root 'i'.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Combined with 'ud' it means 'rises'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sun.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern, upper, subsequent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, higher, superior

Note: Modifies 'ayane'.

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

Note: Modifies 'ayane'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'uttaram' and 'dakṣiṇam'.

अयने (ayane) - the two solstices (Uttarāyaṇa and Dakṣiṇāyana) (two solstices, two paths)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of ayana

ayana - going, path, course, solstice (movement of the sun)

Derived from root 'i' (to go).

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the Uttarayana and Dakshinayana.

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'ayane'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sun.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, across

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

चरन्ति (caranti) - they move, they roam

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of root 'car'.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'gabhastayaḥ'.

गभस्तयः (gabhastayaḥ) - (solar) rays (rays, hands)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gabhasti

gabhasti - ray (of light), hand, arm

Note: Subject of 'caranti'.

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - earth, ground

Note: Object of 'tāpayantaḥ'.

तापयन्तः (tāpayantaḥ) - heating, causing to burn

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpayat

tāpayat - heating, causing pain, tormenting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from causative of root 'tap' (to heat, suffer) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'gabhastayaḥ'.