महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-143, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानर्चसे राजन्सततं संशितव्रतान् ।
कं तु कर्मोदयं दृष्ट्वा तानर्चसि नराधिप ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānarcase rājansatataṁ saṁśitavratān ,
kaṁ tu karmodayaṁ dṛṣṭvā tānarcasi narādhipa.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca brāhmaṇān arcasi rājan satatam
saṃśitavratān kam tu karmodayam dṛṣṭvā tān arcasi narādhipa

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca rājan narādhipa saṃśitavratān brāhmaṇān
satatam arcasi tu kam karmodayam dṛṣṭvā tān arcasi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O King, you always honor brahmins who are steadfast in their vows. But having observed what consequence of action (karma), O ruler of men, do you thus honor them?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pandava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the brahmins (brahmins)

• अर्चसि (arcasi) - you honor (you worship, you honor, you venerate)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सततम् (satatam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• संशितव्रतान् (saṁśitavratān) - those who are steadfast in their vows (those of firm vows, those whose vows are sharpened/firm)

• कम् (kam) - what (what, which)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• कर्मोदयम् (karmodayam) - consequence of action (karma) (fruit of action, consequence of karma, rise of karma)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

• तान् (tān) - them (the brahmins) (them (masculine accusative plural))

• अर्चसि (arcasi) - you honor (you worship, you honor)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men (O king, O ruler of men)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pandava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound of yudhi (loc. of yudh) and sthira (firm)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak), perfect active 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the brahmins (brahmins)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, relating to brahmins

From brahman + -a (secondary derivative)

अर्चसि (arcasi) - you honor (you worship, you honor, you venerate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arc

Present Active

From root arc (to worship), present active 2nd singular

Root: arc (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: This is a vocative form of 'rājan'.

सततम् (satatam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative neuter singular used as adverb).

संशितव्रतान् (saṁśitavratān) - those who are steadfast in their vows (those of firm vows, those whose vows are sharpened/firm)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - of firm/sharpened vows

Bahuvrīhi compound: saṃśita (sharpened, firm) + vrata (vow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + śi (to sharpen), past passive participle
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇān'.

कम् (kam) - what (what, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'karmodayam'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

कर्मोदयम् (karmodayam) - consequence of action (karma) (fruit of action, consequence of karma, rise of karma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karmodaya

karmodaya - rise of action, fruit of action, consequence of karma

Compound of karman and udaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karman+udaya)

• karman – action, deed, duty, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udaya – rise, ascent, prosperity, fruit, consequence
  noun (masculine)
  From ud + i (to go)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see), absolutive form

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तान् (tān) - them (the brahmins) (them (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अर्चसि (arcasi) - you honor (you worship, you honor)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arc

Present Active

From root arc (to worship), present active 2nd singular

Root: arc (class 1)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men (O king, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (lord, ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + pā (to protect/govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)