महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-143, verse-21

तं ब्राह्मणा वेदविदो जुषन्ति तस्यादित्यो भामुपयुज्य भाति ।
स मासि मास्यध्वरकृद्विधत्ते तमध्वरे वेदविदः पठन्ति ॥२१॥

21. taṁ brāhmaṇā vedavido juṣanti; tasyādityo bhāmupayujya bhāti ,
sa māsi māsyadhvarakṛdvidhatte; tamadhvare vedavidaḥ paṭhanti.

21. tam brāhmaṇāḥ vedavidaḥ juṣanti
tasya ādityaḥ bhām upa yujya bhāti
| saḥ māsi māsi adhvarakṛt vidadhatte
tam adhvare vedavidaḥ paṭhanti

21. vedavidaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tam juṣanti
ādityaḥ tasya bhām upayujya bhāti
saḥ adhvarakṛt māsi māsi vidadhatte
vedavidaḥ adhvare tam paṭhanti

21. Brahmins, who are knowers of the Vedas, worship him. The sun shines, using his (the supreme being's) splendor. He, the performer of the ritual, ordains (everything) month after month. Him, the knowers of the Vedas recite during the ritual.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - expert in the Vedas (knowers of the Vedas)

• जुषन्ति (juṣanti) - they enjoy, they serve, they worship

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, son of Aditi

• भाम् (bhām) - splendor, light

• उप (upa) - near, to, towards

• युज्य (yujya) - having employed, having connected

• भाति (bhāti) - he shines, it shines

• सः (saḥ) - he

• मासि (māsi) - in the month, monthly

• मासि (māsi) - in the month, monthly

• अध्वरकृत् (adhvarakṛt) - performer of a ritual

• विदधत्ते (vidadhatte) - he ordains, he establishes, he performs

• तम् (tam) - him

• अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the ritual, in the sacrifice

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - expert in the Vedas (knowers of the Vedas)

• पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they recite, they read

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, priestly class

Note: Subject of 'juṣanti'.

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - expert in the Vedas (knowers of the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas, learned in sacred knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knowing, wise; knower (as suffix)
  adjective
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Adjective for 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

जुषन्ति (juṣanti) - they enjoy, they serve, they worship

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of juṣ

Present Indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of root 'juṣ'.

Root: juṣ (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being.

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun, son of Aditi

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a solar deity, son of Aditi

Note: Subject of 'bhāti'.

भाम् (bhām) - splendor, light

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhā

bhā - light, splendor, ray, beauty

Note: Object of 'upayujya'.

उप (upa) - near, to, towards

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb for 'yujya'.

युज्य (yujya) - having employed, having connected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with 'lyap' suffix (preceded by 'upa').

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Forms an absolutive with 'upa'.

भाति (bhāti) - he shines, it shines

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active indicative of root 'bhā'.

Root: bhā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being.

मासि (māsi) - in the month, monthly

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month, moon

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'month after month'.

मासि (māsi) - in the month, monthly

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month, moon

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'month after month'.

अध्वरकृत् (adhvarakṛt) - performer of a ritual

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhvarakṛt

adhvarakṛt - performer of a ritual (adhvara), sacrificer

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (adhvara+kṛt)

• adhvara – ritual, ceremony, unhurt, imperishable
  noun (masculine)
• kṛt – maker, doer, performing
  noun
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

विदधत्ते (vidadhatte) - he ordains, he establishes, he performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dhā

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present middle indicative of root 'dhā' with 'vi' prefix (often reduplicated and with middle voice for 'to ordain/create').

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Reduplicated root form.

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being.

अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the ritual, in the sacrifice

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvara

adhvara - ritual, ceremony, unhurt, imperishable

Note: Refers to the ritual context.

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - expert in the Vedas (knowers of the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas, learned in sacred knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knowing, wise; knower (as suffix)
  adjective
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'paṭhanti'.

पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they recite, they read

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of paṭh

Present Indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of root 'paṭh'.

Root: paṭh (class 1)