महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-143, verse-22

स एकयुक्चक्रमिदं त्रिनाभि सप्ताश्वयुक्तं वहते वै त्रिधामा ।
महातेजाः सर्वगः सर्वसिंहः कृष्णो लोकान्धारयते तथैकः ।
अश्नन्ननश्नंश्च तथैव धीरः कृष्णं सदा पार्थ कर्तारमेहि ॥२२॥

22. sa ekayukcakramidaṁ trinābhi; saptāśvayuktaṁ vahate vai tridhāmā ,
mahātejāḥ sarvagaḥ sarvasiṁhaḥ; kṛṣṇo lokāndhārayate tathaikaḥ ,
aśnannanaśnaṁśca tathaiva dhīraḥ; kṛṣṇaṁ sadā pārtha kartāramehi.

22. saḥ ekayuk cakram idam trinābhiḥ saptāśvayuktam
vahate vai tridhāmā | mahātejāḥ sarvagaḥ sarvasiṃhaḥ
kṛṣṇaḥ lokān dhārayate tathā ekaḥ | aśnan anaśnan
ca tathā eva dhīraḥ kṛṣṇam sadā pārtha kartāram ehi

22. saḥ ekayuk trinābhiḥ saptāśvayuktam idam cakram
tridhāmā vai vahate mahātejāḥ sarvagaḥ sarvasiṃhaḥ
ekaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tathā lokān dhārayate pārtha! sadā
aśnan anaśnan ca tathā eva dhīraḥ kṛṣṇam kartāram ehi

22. He, having a single yoke, truly bears this wheel with three naves, drawn by seven horses, being of three abodes. The greatly effulgent, all-pervading, the lion among all, (kṛṣṇa), thus sustains the worlds as the one (supreme being). O Pārtha, always approach (kṛṣṇa) as the wise doer, who is both consuming and not consuming.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• एकयुक् (ekayuk) - having one yoke

• चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel of the solar chariot or the wheel of time (wheel, disc, cycle)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• त्रिनाभिः (trinābhiḥ) - having three naves/centers

• सप्ताश्वयुक्तम् (saptāśvayuktam) - yoked with seven horses

• वहते (vahate) - he carries, he bears

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• त्रिधामा (tridhāmā) - having three abodes/forms/powers

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly luminous

• सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading

• सर्वसिंहः (sarvasiṁhaḥ) - lion of all, supreme lion

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa, the dark one)

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• धारयते (dhārayate) - he sustains, he holds, he bears

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, alone

• अश्नन् (aśnan) - eating, consuming

• अनश्नन् (anaśnan) - not eating, not consuming

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise, steady, firm

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna)

• कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the doer, the creator

• एहि (ehi) - approach, come

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being/Kṛṣṇa.

एकयुक् (ekayuk) - having one yoke

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekayuj

ekayuj - having one yoke, yoked with one

Compound of 'eka' (one) and 'yuj' (yoking).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+yuj)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral
• yuj – yoking, joining, connecting
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yuj' (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

चक्रम् (cakram) - the wheel of the solar chariot or the wheel of time (wheel, disc, cycle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, cycle

Note: Object of 'vahate'. Refers to the wheel of the solar chariot or the wheel of time.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Note: Modifies 'cakram'.

त्रिनाभिः (trinābhiḥ) - having three naves/centers

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trinābhi

trinābhi - having three naves (of a wheel), having three centers

Compound of 'tri' (three) and 'nābhi' (nave).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+nābhi)

• tri – three
  numeral
• nābhi – navel, nave (of a wheel), center
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'cakram'.

सप्ताश्वयुक्तम् (saptāśvayuktam) - yoked with seven horses

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saptāśvayukta

saptāśvayukta - yoked with seven horses

Compound of 'sapta' (seven), 'aśva' (horse), and 'yukta' (yoked).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sapta+aśva+yukta)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, yoked, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'cakram'.

वहते (vahate) - he carries, he bears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vah

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present middle indicative of root 'vah'.

Root: vah (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

त्रिधामा (tridhāmā) - having three abodes/forms/powers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tridhāman

tridhāman - having three abodes, having three forms/powers (e.g., three Vedas, three worlds, three daily divisions of sun)

Compound of 'tri' (three) and 'dhāman' (abode, power).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+dhāman)

• tri – three
  numeral
• dhāman – abode, dwelling, power, law
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly luminous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - great splendor, great energy, greatly effulgent

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'tejas' (splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Epithet of Kṛṣṇa.

सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaga

sarvaga - all-pervading, omnipresent

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'ga' (going).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (sarva+ga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• ga – going, moving (suffix)
  adjective
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Epithet of Kṛṣṇa.

सर्वसिंहः (sarvasiṁhaḥ) - lion of all, supreme lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvasiṃha

sarvasiṁha - lion of all, supreme lion, best among all

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'siṃha' (lion).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+siṃha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet of Kṛṣṇa.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa, the dark one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; Kṛṣṇa (proper name); the dark half of a month

Note: The main subject of this part of the verse.

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Note: Object of 'dhārayate'.

धारयते (dhārayate) - he sustains, he holds, he bears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dhāraya

Present Indicative (Causative)

3rd person singular present middle indicative of causative of root 'dhṛ'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: From causative of 'dhṛ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, single, alone

(numeral)

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa as the unique/supreme one.

अश्नन् (aśnan) - eating, consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśnat

aśnat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'aś' (to eat).

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Kṛṣṇa).

अनश्नन् (anaśnan) - not eating, not consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anaśnat

anaśnat - not eating, not consuming

Present Active Participle (Negative)

Negative compound of 'an' and 'aśnat' (eating).

Compound type : nah tatpurusha (an+aśnat)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• aśnat – eating, consuming
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'aś' (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Kṛṣṇa).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'aśnan' and 'anaśnan'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise, steady, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steady, firm, resolute, calm

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Kṛṣṇa).

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; Kṛṣṇa (proper name); the dark half of a month

Note: Object of 'ehi'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'ehi'.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī).

Note: Address to Arjuna.

कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the doer, the creator

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, maker, creator, agent

Agent noun from root 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Accusative agreeing with 'kṛṣṇam'.

एहि (ehi) - approach, come

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of i

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative active of root 'i' (to go/come).

Root: i (class 2)