महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-7, verse-41

एतावदुक्त्वा वचनं धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
व्युपारमत्ततः पार्थः कनीयान्प्रत्यभाषत ॥४१॥

41. etāvaduktvā vacanaṁ dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
vyupāramattataḥ pārthaḥ kanīyānpratyabhāṣata.

41. etāvat uktvā vacanam dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
vyupāramat tataḥ pārthaḥ kanīyān pratyabhāṣata

41. etāvat vacanam uktvā dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
vyupāramat tataḥ kanīyān pārthaḥ pratyabhāṣata

41. Having spoken these words, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), ceased. Then Pārtha, his younger brother, replied.

Words meanings summery:

• एतावत् (etāvat) - these (words) (so much, thus much, these many)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having spoken, having said)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, statement)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• व्युपारमत् (vyupāramat) - ceased (speaking) (ceased, stopped, desisted)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, thereafter)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

• कनीयान् (kanīyān) - younger (brother) (younger, youngest)

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied (replied, spoke in return)

Words meanings and morphology

एतावत् (etāvat) - these (words) (so much, thus much, these many)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, thus much, these many, this much

From etat (this) + vat (suffix for measure)

Note: Qualifies vacanam.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having spoken, having said)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From vac (to speak), absolutive form (ktvā)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'vyupāramat'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uktvā.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma (natural law), king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira (a name of Yama too)

Compound 'dharma' (natural law/righteousness) + 'rāja' (king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From rāj (to rule)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of vyupāramat.

व्युपारमत् (vyupāramat) - ceased (speaking) (ceased, stopped, desisted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyuparam

Imperfect Tense

From vi-upa-ram (to cease, stop), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefixes: vi+upa

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kṛṣṇa's aunt, mother of Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

From Pṛthā (Kuntī) with a patronymic suffix (aṇ)

Note: Subject of pratyabhāṣata.

कनीयान् (kanīyān) - younger (brother) (younger, youngest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, youngest, very small

Comparative/superlative form from 'kana' (young, small)

Note: Qualifies Pārtha.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied (replied, spoke in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyabhāṣ

Imperfect Tense

From prati-bhāṣ (to speak back), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.