महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-7, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
युधिष्ठिरस्तु धर्मात्मा शोकव्याकुलचेतनः ।
शुशोच दुःखसंतप्तः स्मृत्वा कर्णं महारथम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhirastu dharmātmā śokavyākulacetanaḥ ,
śuśoca duḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ smṛtvā karṇaṁ mahāratham.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu dharmātmā śokavyākulacetanaḥ
| śuśoca duḥkhasantaptaḥ smṛtvā karṇam mahāratham

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tu dharmātmā śokavyākulacetanaḥ
duḥkhasantaptaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ mahāratham karṇam smṛtvā śuśoca

1. Vaiśampāyana said: But Yudhiṣṭhira, possessing a righteous self (ātman), his mind agitated by sorrow and deeply tormented by distress, lamented, remembering Karṇa, the great warrior.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose self is righteous, of righteous nature

• शोकव्याकुलचेतनः (śokavyākulacetanaḥ) - whose mind/consciousness is agitated by sorrow

• शुशोच (śuśoca) - he lamented, grieved

• दुःखसन्तप्तः (duḥkhasantaptaḥ) - greatly tormented by sorrow/distress, afflicted by suffering

• स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered, remembering

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, one capable of fighting many chariots

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose self is righteous, of righteous nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature or self (ātman) is righteous (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

शोकव्याकुलचेतनः (śokavyākulacetanaḥ) - whose mind/consciousness is agitated by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokavyākulacetana

śokavyākulacetana - whose mind is agitated by sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+vyākula+cetana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• vyākula – agitated, confused, perplexed
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
• cetana – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (masculine)

शुशोच (śuśoca) - he lamented, grieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखसन्तप्तः (duḥkhasantaptaḥ) - greatly tormented by sorrow/distress, afflicted by suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasantapta

duḥkhasantapta - tormented by sorrow/distress, afflicted by suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+santapta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• santapta – heated, tormented, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root tap (to heat) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered, remembering

(indeclinable)

absolutive

indeclinable participle, 'having done X'

Root: smṛ (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name, a hero in the Mahābhārata)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, one capable of fighting many chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, a hero who can fight a thousand chariots

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (charioteer)
  noun (masculine)