महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-7, verse-27

अनियम्याशुचिं लुब्धं पुत्रं कामवशानुगम् ।
पतितो यशसो दीप्ताद्घातयित्वा सहोदरान् ॥२७॥

27. aniyamyāśuciṁ lubdhaṁ putraṁ kāmavaśānugam ,
patito yaśaso dīptādghātayitvā sahodarān.

27. aniyamya aśucim lubdham putram kāmavaśānugam
patitaḥ yaśasaḥ dīptāt ghātayitvā sahodarān

27. (saḥ) aśucim lubdham kāmavaśānugam putram aniyamya
sahodarān ghātayitvā dīptāt yaśasaḥ patitaḥ

27. Having failed to control his impure, greedy son, who was driven by the sway of desires, and having caused his own kinsmen (brother-like kinsmen, sahodarān) to be slain, he has fallen from his brilliant glory (yaśas).

Words meanings summery:

• अनियम्य (aniyamya) - having not restrained, having not controlled

• अशुचिम् (aśucim) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (impure, unholy, wicked)

• लुब्धम् (lubdham) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (greedy, covetous, eager)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Duryodhana (son)

• कामवशानुगम् (kāmavaśānugam) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (following the sway of desires, driven by desire)

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - (Dhritarashtra) having fallen (from glory) (fallen, degraded, outcast)

• यशसः (yaśasaḥ) - from fame, from glory

• दीप्तात् (dīptāt) - from brilliant (fame) (from bright, from shining, from glorious)

• घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused to kill, having slain

• सहोदरान् (sahodarān) - (the Pandavas, who were like brothers to Duryodhana and thus close kin to Dhritarashtra's family) ((his) brothers, kinsmen)

Words meanings and morphology

अनियम्य (aniyamya) - having not restrained, having not controlled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni- and negation a-. Formed by a + ni + yam + ya (suffix for absolutive)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niyamya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• niyamya – having restrained
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  From root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni- and suffix -ya
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Acts as an absolutive, expressing a prior action.

अशुचिम् (aśucim) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (impure, unholy, wicked)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy, wicked

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'śuci' (pure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, holy, virtuous
  adjective

Note: Modifies `putram`.

लुब्धम् (lubdham) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (greedy, covetous, eager)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, eager, perplexed

Past Passive Participle

From root lubh (to covet, be greedy)

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Modifies `putram`.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `aniyamya`.

कामवशानुगम् (kāmavaśānugam) - (describing Duryodhana's character) (following the sway of desires, driven by desire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmavaśānuga

kāmavaśānuga - following the sway of desires, subservient to desires, lustful

Compound of kāma (desire), vaśa (sway, control), and anuga (following)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+vaśa+anuga)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, lust
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• vaśa – will, control, power, sway
  noun (masculine)
• anuga – following, accompanying, obedient
  adjective
  From root gam (to go) with prefix anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `putram`.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - (Dhritarashtra) having fallen (from glory) (fallen, degraded, outcast)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, outcast, low, wretched

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall) with suffix -ta

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb of the sentence, with `asti` implied.

यशसः (yaśasaḥ) - from fame, from glory

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, honor, renown

Note: Indicates the source from which one has fallen.

दीप्तात् (dīptāt) - from brilliant (fame) (from bright, from shining, from glorious)

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dīpta

dīpta - shining, bright, radiant, glorious, inflamed

Past Passive Participle

From root dīp (to shine) with suffix -ta

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Modifies `yaśasaḥ`.

घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused to kill, having slain

(indeclinable)

Causative Absolutive (Gerund)

From causative stem of root han (to strike, kill) + -itvā suffix for absolutive

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses a prior action, concurrent with or prior to `patitaḥ`.

सहोदरान् (sahodarān) - (the Pandavas, who were like brothers to Duryodhana and thus close kin to Dhritarashtra's family) ((his) brothers, kinsmen)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahodara

sahodara - full brother, born from the same womb, kinsman

Compound of saha (with) and udara (womb)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+udara)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `ghātayitvā`.