महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-7, verse-31

सोऽस्माकं वैरपुरुषो दुर्मन्त्रिप्रग्रहं गतः ।
दुर्योधनकृते ह्येतत्कुलं नो विनिपातितम् ।
अवध्यानां वधं कृत्वा लोके प्राप्ताः स्म वाच्यताम् ॥३१॥

31. so'smākaṁ vairapuruṣo durmantripragrahaṁ gataḥ ,
duryodhanakṛte hyetatkulaṁ no vinipātitam ,
avadhyānāṁ vadhaṁ kṛtvā loke prāptāḥ sma vācyatām.

31. saḥ asmākam vairapuruṣaḥ durmantripragraham
gataḥ Duryodhanakṛte hi etat
kulam naḥ vinipātitam avadhyānām
vadham kṛtvā loke prāptāḥ sma vācyatām

31. saḥ asmākam vairapuruṣaḥ durmantripragraham
gataḥ hi Duryodhanakṛte naḥ
etat kulam vinipātitam avadhyānām
vadham kṛtvā loke vācyatām prāptāḥ sma

31. That enemy (vairapuruṣa) of ours has fallen under the sway of wicked advisors. Indeed, for Duryodhana's sake, our family lineage has been utterly destroyed. Having slain those who ought not to have been killed, we have earned reproach in the world.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (enemy) (he, that)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

• वैरपुरुषः (vairapuruṣaḥ) - enemy, hostile person

• दुर्मन्त्रिप्रग्रहम् (durmantripragraham) - under the sway of bad ministers, control by wicked advisors

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, obtained, reached, fallen into

• दुर्योधनकृते (duryodhanakṛte) - for Duryodhana's sake, on account of Duryodhana

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race, clan

• नः (naḥ) - our (our, to us, by us)

• विनिपातितम् (vinipātitam) - utterly destroyed, thrown down, caused to fall

• अवध्यानाम् (avadhyānām) - of those not to be killed, of those who are inviolable

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaying, murder

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having slain (having done, having made, having performed)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in public

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - earned (attained, reached, obtained)

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis)

• वाच्यताम् (vācyatām) - reproach (blame, censurableness, blameworthiness)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (enemy) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

वैरपुरुषः (vairapuruṣaḥ) - enemy, hostile person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairapuruṣa

vairapuruṣa - enemy, hostile person

Compound: vaira (enmity) + puruṣa (person)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaira+puruṣa)

• vaira – enmity, hostility, revenge
  noun (neuter)
• puruṣa – person, man, male, human being, the Supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

दुर्मन्त्रिप्रग्रहम् (durmantripragraham) - under the sway of bad ministers, control by wicked advisors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durmantripragraha

durmantripragraha - control by bad ministers, grip of wicked advisors

Compound: durmantri (bad minister) + pragraha (control, grip)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (durmantrin+pragraha)

• durmantrin – bad minister, wicked advisor
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: dur (bad) + mantrin (minister)
• pragraha – control, grip, restraint, rein
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √grah (to seize) with upasarga pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, obtained, reached, fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

दुर्योधनकृते (duryodhanakṛte) - for Duryodhana's sake, on account of Duryodhana

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of Duryodhanakṛta

Duryodhanakṛta - done for Duryodhana, for the sake of Duryodhana

Compound: Duryodhana (proper noun) + kṛta (done, made). Used here in locative singular to mean 'for the sake of'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (Duryodhana+kṛta)

• Duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, performed, caused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race, clan

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, house, noble family

नः (naḥ) - our (our, to us, by us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

विनिपातितम् (vinipātitam) - utterly destroyed, thrown down, caused to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vinipātita

vinipātita - utterly destroyed, caused to fall, thrown down, ruined

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from causative of verb root √pat (to fall) with upasargas vi- and ni-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

अवध्यानाम् (avadhyānām) - of those not to be killed, of those who are inviolable

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, immune from death

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √vadh (to strike, kill) with negative prefix a-.

Prefix: a

Root: vadh (class 1)

वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaying, murder

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder, blow

Derived from root √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having slain (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in public

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, universe, realm

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - earned (attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

वाच्यताम् (vācyatām) - reproach (blame, censurableness, blameworthiness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vācyatā

vācyatā - blameworthiness, censurableness, reproach

Derived from vācya (to be spoken, blameworthy) + suffix -tā (fem. noun forming).