महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-150, verse-5

सार्थिका वणिजश्चापि तापसाश्च वनौकसः ।
वसन्ति वासान्मार्गस्थाः सुरम्ये तरुसत्तमे ॥५॥

5. sārthikā vaṇijaścāpi tāpasāśca vanaukasaḥ ,
vasanti vāsānmārgasthāḥ suramye tarusattame.

5. sārthikāḥ vaṇijaḥ ca api tāpasāḥ ca vanaukasaḥ
vasanti vāsān mārgasthāḥ suramye tarusattame

5. sārthikāḥ vaṇijaḥ ca api tāpasāḥ ca vanaukasaḥ
mārgasthāḥ vāsān vasanti suramye tarusattame

5. Caravan travelers, and also merchants, as well as ascetics (tāpasāḥ) and forest dwellers (vanaukasaḥ) – all those who are on a journey – reside for their stay in that very beautiful, excellent tree.

Words meanings summery:

• सार्थिकाः (sārthikāḥ) - travelers with a caravan, merchants

• वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants, traders

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

• च (ca) - and

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest dwellers

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - they reside, they dwell

• वासान् (vāsān) - for the purpose of a stay/dwelling (dwellings, residences; for dwelling)

• मार्गस्थाः (mārgasthāḥ) - those standing/being on the road, travelers

• सुरम्ये (suramye) - in the very beautiful, delightful

• तरुसत्तमे (tarusattame) - in the excellent tree, in the best of trees

Words meanings and morphology

सार्थिकाः (sārthikāḥ) - travelers with a caravan, merchants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sārthika

sārthika - traveler with a caravan, merchant

From sārtha (caravan) + ika (suffix indicating belonging/profession)

वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants, traders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, devotee

From tapas (asceticism, penance)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest dweller, hermit

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, house, inhabitant
  noun (neuter)

वसन्ति (vasanti) - they reside, they dwell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vas

present active

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: vas (class 1)

वासान् (vāsān) - for the purpose of a stay/dwelling (dwellings, residences; for dwelling)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, residence, stay, sojourn

Note: Used adverbially to denote purpose ('for a stay').

मार्गस्थाः (mārgasthāḥ) - those standing/being on the road, travelers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mārgastha

mārgastha - standing on the road, being on a journey, traveler

From mārga (path, road) + stha (standing, being)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mārga+stha)

• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, being, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sārthikāḥ, vaṇijaḥ, tāpasāḥ, vanaukasaḥ.

सुरम्ये (suramye) - in the very beautiful, delightful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of suramya

suramya - very beautiful, charming, delightful

su (good, well) + ramya (beautiful, delightful)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+ramya)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• ramya – beautiful, delightful, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Root ram (to delight) + ya suffix (gerundive)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tarusattame.

तरुसत्तमे (tarusattame) - in the excellent tree, in the best of trees

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tarusattama

tarusattama - excellent tree, best among trees

From taru (tree) + sattama (best, excellent)

Compound type : tatpurusha (taru+sattama)

• taru – tree
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good)