महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-150, verse-16

तथेमे मुदिता नागाः स्वयूथकुलशोभिनः ।
घर्मार्तास्त्वां समासाद्य सुखं विन्दन्ति शल्मले ॥१६॥

16. tatheme muditā nāgāḥ svayūthakulaśobhinaḥ ,
gharmārtāstvāṁ samāsādya sukhaṁ vindanti śalmale.

16. tathā ime muditāḥ nāgāḥ svayūthakulaśobhinaḥ |
gharmārtāḥ tvām samāsādya sukham vindanti śalmale

16. śalmale,
tathā,
ime muditāḥ svayūthakulaśobhinaḥ nāgāḥ,
gharmārtāḥ tvām samāsādya sukham vindanti.

16. Likewise, these joyful serpents, who adorn their own kin and family, distressed by the heat, approach you, O silk-cotton tree (śālmalī), and find comfort.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

• इमे (ime) - these

• मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - joyful (joyful, delighted, happy)

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - serpents (serpents, elephants, mountain-dwellers)

• स्वयूथकुलशोभिनः (svayūthakulaśobhinaḥ) - adorning their own kin and family (adorning their own herd/family/clan)

• घर्मार्ताः (gharmārtāḥ) - distressed by the heat (distressed by heat, afflicted by heat)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the tree) (you)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

• सुखम् (sukham) - comfort (happiness, comfort, ease)

• विन्दन्ति (vindanti) - they find (they find, they obtain, they acquire)

• शल्मले (śalmale) - O silk-cotton tree (śālmalī) (O silk-cotton tree)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Nominative plural masculine of `idam`.

मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - joyful (joyful, delighted, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mudita

mudita - joyful, delighted, happy, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root `mud` (to rejoice) + `kta` suffix.

Root: mud (class 1)

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - serpents (serpents, elephants, mountain-dwellers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, cobra, elephant, a mountain

Note: Given the context of the previous verse about birds and trees, 'serpents' is the most suitable interpretation for `nāga`.

स्वयूथकुलशोभिनः (svayūthakulaśobhinaḥ) - adorning their own kin and family (adorning their own herd/family/clan)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svayūthakulaśobhin

svayūthakulaśobhin - adorning one's own herd, family, or tribe

Compound of `sva` (own), `yūtha` (herd, group), `kula` (family, clan) and `śobhin` (adorning, shining).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+yūtha+kula+śobhin)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• yūtha – herd, flock, troop, group
  noun (neuter)
• kula – family, tribe, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• śobhin – shining, beautiful, adorning
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (adjective)
  From root `śubh` (to shine) + `ini` suffix.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Epithet for `nāgāḥ`.

घर्मार्ताः (gharmārtāḥ) - distressed by the heat (distressed by heat, afflicted by heat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gharmārta

gharmārta - distressed by heat

Compound of `gharma` (heat) and `ārta` (afflicted, distressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gharma+ārta)

• gharma – heat, warmth, summer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghṛ (class 3)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ṛ` (to go, move) with `ā` prefix; or from `ṛt` (to hurt).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Describes `nāgāḥ`.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the tree) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Accusative singular of `yuṣmad`.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `sad` (to sit, go) with prefixes `sam` and `ā`.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

सुखम् (sukham) - comfort (happiness, comfort, ease)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, comfort, ease

विन्दन्ति (vindanti) - they find (they find, they obtain, they acquire)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

3rd person plural, present tense.

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Subject is `nāgāḥ`.

शल्मले (śalmale) - O silk-cotton tree (śālmalī) (O silk-cotton tree)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śālmalī

śālmalī - silk-cotton tree (Bombax Ceiba)

The stem ends in -ī, but the vocative singular masculine/feminine often ends in -e.

Note: This is the tree being addressed.