महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-14, verse-8

कथं द्वैतवने राजन्पूर्वमुक्त्वा तथा वचः ।
भ्रातॄनेतान्स्म सहिताञ्शीतवातातपार्दितान् ॥८॥

8. kathaṁ dvaitavane rājanpūrvamuktvā tathā vacaḥ ,
bhrātṝnetānsma sahitāñśītavātātapārditān.

8. katham dvaitavane rājan pūrvam uktvā tathā vacaḥ
bhrātṝn etān sma sahitān śītavātātapārditān

8. rājan pūrvam dvaitavane tathā vacaḥ uktvā
sahitān etān bhrātṝn śītavātātapārditān katham

8. O King, how can you (now abandon) these brothers, who are together and afflicted by cold, wind, and sun, after having previously spoken such words (of solace/promise) in the Dvaita forest?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• द्वैतवने (dvaitavane) - in the Dvaita forest

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra. (O King)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, such

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers (accusative plural)

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past or emphasis)

• सहितान् (sahitān) - together, accompanied

• शीतवातातपार्दितान् (śītavātātapārditān) - afflicted by cold, wind, and sun

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

द्वैतवने (dvaitavane) - in the Dvaita forest

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvaitavana

dvaitavana - Dvaita forest (name of a specific forest)

Note: Locative case indicating place.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak) + ktvā pratyaya.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates prior action.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, such

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the manner of speaking.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of "uktvā".

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object, along with "etān".

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सहितान् (sahitān) - together, accompanied

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, together with, united

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place) with upasarga sa- + kta pratyaya (or derived from saha).

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with "bhrātṝn".

शीतवातातपार्दितान् (śītavātātapārditān) - afflicted by cold, wind, and sun

(compound adjective)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīta+vāta+ātapa+ardita)

• śīta – cold
  noun (neuter)
• vāta – wind
  noun (masculine)
• ātapa – sunshine, heat
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – afflicted, tormented, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ard (to hurt, pain) + kta pratyaya.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "bhrātṝn".