महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-14, verse-15

मित्रता सर्वभूतेषु दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
ब्राह्मणस्यैष धर्मः स्यान्न राज्ञो राजसत्तम ॥१५॥

15. mitratā sarvabhūteṣu dānamadhyayanaṁ tapaḥ ,
brāhmaṇasyaiṣa dharmaḥ syānna rājño rājasattama.

15. mitratā sarvabhūteṣu dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ
brāhmaṇasya eṣaḥ dharmaḥ syāt na rājñaḥ rājasattama

15. rājasattama,
sarvabhūteṣu mitratā,
dānam,
adhyayanam,
tapaḥ ca,
eṣaḥ brāhmaṇasya dharmaḥ syāt,
na rājñaḥ.

15. Friendliness towards all beings, charity (dāna), study, and austerity (tapas) – this should be the natural law (dharma) for a Brahmin, O best of kings, not for a ruler.

Words meanings summery:

• मित्रता (mitratā) - friendliness, friendship

• सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings, towards all creatures

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, gift

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, righteousness

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

• न (na) - not, no

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

• राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

Words meanings and morphology

मित्रता (mitratā) - friendliness, friendship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mitratā

mitratā - friendliness, friendship, amity

सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) - among all beings, towards all creatures

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, gift

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, liberality

derived from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, recitation

derived from root i (to go) with upasargas adhi and a

Prefixes: adhi+a

Root: i (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, self-discipline, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

राजसत्तम (rājasattama) - O best of kings

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent (superlative of sat)
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama