महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-14, verse-25

द्वीपाश्च सान्तरद्वीपा नानाजनपदालयाः ।
विगाह्य सागरं वीर दण्डेन मृदितास्त्वया ॥२५॥

25. dvīpāśca sāntaradvīpā nānājanapadālayāḥ ,
vigāhya sāgaraṁ vīra daṇḍena mṛditāstvayā.

25. dvīpāḥ ca sāntaradvīpāḥ nānājanapadālayāḥ
vigāhya sāgaram vīra daṇḍena mṛditāḥ tvayā

25. vīra tvayā sāgaram vigāhya dvīpāḥ ca
sāntaradvīpāḥ nānājanapadālayāḥ daṇḍena mṛditāḥ

25. O hero, having traversed the ocean, you subdued all the islands, along with their smaller ones, which are home to various nations, by your might.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - the islands (islands, continents)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सान्तरद्वीपाः (sāntaradvīpāḥ) - along with their smaller islands (with intermediate islands, including smaller islands)

• नानाजनपदालयाः (nānājanapadālayāḥ) - which are home to various nations (having various countries as abodes, where various nations reside)

• विगाह्य (vigāhya) - having traversed (or plunged into) (having entered, having plunged into, having traversed)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, O brave one)

• दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by your might (by a rod, by a staff, by punishment, by power, by might)

• मृदिताः (mṛditāḥ) - subdued, crushed (crushed, subdued, trodden down (plural))

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

Words meanings and morphology

द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - the islands (islands, continents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'mṛditāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सान्तरद्वीपाः (sāntaradvīpāḥ) - along with their smaller islands (with intermediate islands, including smaller islands)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāntaradvīpa

sāntaradvīpa - including smaller islands, with intermediate islands

Compound formed with 'sa-' (with) and 'antaradvīpa' (intermediate island).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+antaradvīpa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• antaradvīpa – intermediate island, smaller island
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: antar

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpāḥ'.

नानाजनपदालयाः (nānājanapadālayāḥ) - which are home to various nations (having various countries as abodes, where various nations reside)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānājanapadālaya

nānājanapadālaya - having various countries/regions as abodes, inhabited by diverse peoples

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nānā+janapada+ālaya)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• janapada – country, realm, region, community
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, home, receptacle
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpāḥ'.

विगाह्य (vigāhya) - having traversed (or plunged into) (having entered, having plunged into, having traversed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed from prefix vi- + root gāh- (to plunge, enter) + -ya suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Gerund (absolutive) indicating a prior action by the agent ('you') before the main action ('subdued').

सागरम् (sāgaram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Object of the gerund 'vigāhya'.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, O brave one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Addressed to the king.

दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by your might (by a rod, by a staff, by punishment, by power, by might)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, punishment, power, authority, might

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'mṛditāḥ'.

मृदिताः (mṛditāḥ) - subdued, crushed (crushed, subdued, trodden down (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛdita

mṛdita - crushed, subdued, oppressed, trampled

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root mṛd- (to crush, trample) + -ita suffix.

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied "were" and agrees with dvīpāḥ.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent in passive construction.