महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-14, verse-12

इत्येतानेवमुक्त्वा त्वं स्वयं धर्मभृतां वर ।
कथमद्य पुनर्वीर विनिहंसि मनांस्युत ॥१२॥

12. ityetānevamuktvā tvaṁ svayaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ vara ,
kathamadya punarvīra vinihaṁsi manāṁsyuta.

12. iti etān evam uktvā tvam svayam dharmabhṛtām vara
katham adya punaḥ vīra vinihaṃsi manāṃsi uta

12. tvam dharmabhṛtām vara iti etān evam uktvā
vīra adya punaḥ katham manāṃsi uta vinihaṃsi

12. Having spoken to them in this manner, you yourself, O best among the upholders of natural law (dharma), how is it that today, O hero, you again destroy (or 'dishearten') their minds?

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• एतान् (etān) - these (people) (these (masculine plural accusative))

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this way, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - yourself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the upholders of natural law (dharma) (among the upholders of dharma, of those who maintain natural law)

• वर (vara) - O best (O best, excellent one, boon)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it that) (how, why)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but, on the contrary)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, O brave one)

• विनिहंसि (vinihaṁsi) - you destroy (or 'dishearten') (you destroy, you kill, you smite)

• मनांसि (manāṁsi) - minds (or 'hearts') (minds, hearts, thoughts)

• उत (uta) - indeed (or 'and') (and, moreover, indeed, or)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - these (people) (these (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of uktvā.

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this way, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb, derived from i (to go) + am.

Note: Modifies uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root vac (which becomes uk in perfect/participle forms) + tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Non-finite verb, takes accusative object.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person singular nominative pronoun.

Note: Subject of vinihaṃsi.

स्वयम् (svayam) - yourself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Emphasizes tvam.

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the upholders of natural law (dharma) (among the upholders of dharma, of those who maintain natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, maintainer of righteousness

agent noun

Compound of dharma (natural law) + bhṛt (bearing/upholding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent suffix
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) with agentive suffix kvip.
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Dependent on vara.

वर (vara) - O best (O best, excellent one, boon)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

From root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Addressing the hero.

कथम् (katham) - how (is it that) (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Introduces a question.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time. From idam (this) + dya.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but, on the contrary)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Implies a repetition or contrast to prior action.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (O hero, O brave one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

From root vī (to go, to move, to be strong).

Note: Addressing the hero.

विनिहंसि (vinihaṁsi) - you destroy (or 'dishearten') (you destroy, you kill, you smite)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present tense (laṭ)

2nd person singular present active. Prefixed with vi and ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The meaning 'dishearten' comes from the object manāṃsi.

मनांसि (manāṁsi) - minds (or 'hearts') (minds, hearts, thoughts)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought, intention

From root man (to think) + as suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of vinihaṃsi.

उत (uta) - indeed (or 'and') (and, moreover, indeed, or)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Used for emphasis or conjunction.