महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-14, verse-16

असतां प्रतिषेधश्च सतां च परिपालनम् ।
एष राज्ञां परो धर्मः समरे चापलायनम् ॥१६॥

16. asatāṁ pratiṣedhaśca satāṁ ca paripālanam ,
eṣa rājñāṁ paro dharmaḥ samare cāpalāyanam.

16. asatām pratiṣedhaḥ ca satām ca paripālanam
eṣaḥ rājñām paraḥ dharmaḥ samare ca apalāyanam

16. asatām pratiṣedhaḥ ca,
satām ca paripālanam,
samare ca apalāyanam,
eṣaḥ rājñām paraḥ dharmaḥ.

16. The suppression of the wicked and the protection of the virtuous, and not fleeing in battle—this is the supreme natural law (dharma) for kings.

Words meanings summery:

• असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of the non-existent

• प्रतिषेधः (pratiṣedhaḥ) - prohibition, prevention, suppression

• च (ca) - and

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

• च (ca) - and

• परिपालनम् (paripālanam) - protection, maintenance, preservation

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, righteousness

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• च (ca) - and

• अपलायनम् (apalāyanam) - non-fleeing, not running away

Words meanings and morphology

असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of the non-existent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, wicked, bad, unreal

Present Active Participle (negative)

from root as (to be) with negative prefix a

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+sat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sat – existing, good, virtuous, real
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

प्रतिषेधः (pratiṣedhaḥ) - prohibition, prevention, suppression

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣedha

pratiṣedha - prohibition, prevention, restraint, suppression

derived from root sidh (to ward off) with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, good, virtuous, real, truthful

Present Active Participle

from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परिपालनम् (paripālanam) - protection, maintenance, preservation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paripālana

paripālana - protection, maintenance, preservation, guarding

derived from root pā (to protect) with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, other

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, natural law, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपलायनम् (apalāyanam) - non-fleeing, not running away

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apalāyana

apalāyana - not fleeing, not running away

negative prefix a + palāyana (fleeing)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+palāyana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• palāyana – fleeing, running away, escape
  noun (neuter)
  from pra + √ā + √i (to go) or pra + √lī (to dissolve)
  Prefixes: pra+ā
  Root: i (class 2)