महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-219, verse-28

भूतसंघसहस्राश्च दीनाश्चक्रुर्महास्वनम् ।
रुरुवुर्वारणाश्चैव तथैव मृगपक्षिणः ।
तेन शब्देन वित्रेसुर्गङ्गोदधिचरा झषाः ॥२८॥

28. bhūtasaṁghasahasrāśca dīnāścakrurmahāsvanam ,
ruruvurvāraṇāścaiva tathaiva mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ ,
tena śabdena vitresurgaṅgodadhicarā jhaṣāḥ.

28. bhūtasaṅghasahasrāḥ ca dīnāḥ cakruḥ
mahāsvanam ruruvuḥ vāraṇāḥ ca eva
tathā eva mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ tena śabdena
vitresuḥ gaṅgodadhi-carāḥ jhaṣāḥ

28. Thousands of distressed beings and hosts of ghosts (bhūta) made a great uproar. Elephants roared, and likewise, wild animals and birds cried out. By that sound, the fish dwelling in the Ganges and the ocean were terrified.

28. אלפי עדרי יצורים, אומללים, השמיעו רעש גדול. הפילים געו וכך גם הצבאים והציפורים. מרעש זה נבהלו הדגים החיים בגַנְגָה ובים.

Words meanings summery:

• भूतसङ्घसहस्राः (bhūtasaṅghasahasrāḥ) - thousands of hosts of beings/ghosts

• च (ca) - and, also

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed, miserable, wretched

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - a great sound, a loud noise, an uproar

• रुरुवुः (ruruvuḥ) - they cried, they roared, they howled

• वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, also

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, likewise

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, also

• मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - wild animals and birds (animals and birds, beasts and fowls)

• तेन (tena) - by that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound

• वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

• गङ्गोदधि-चराः (gaṅgodadhi-carāḥ) - those moving in the Ganges and the ocean, dwelling in the Ganges and ocean

• झषाः (jhaṣāḥ) - fish

Words meanings and morphology

भूतसङ्घसहस्राः (bhūtasaṅghasahasrāḥ) - thousands of hosts of beings/ghosts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūtasaṅghasahasra

bhūtasaṅghasahasra - thousands of hosts of beings/ghosts

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'bhūtasaṅgha' (host of beings/ghosts) and 'sahasra' (thousand). 'bhūtasaṅgha' is itself a tatpuruṣa of 'bhūta' (being/ghost) and 'saṅgha' (assembly/host).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūtasaṅgha+sahasra)

• bhūtasaṅgha – host of beings/ghosts
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound of 'bhūta' (being, ghost) and 'saṅgha' (assembly, host).
• sahasra – a thousand
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed, miserable, wretched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, wretched

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root √dī (to be sorrowful).

Root: √dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhūtasaṅghasahasrāḥ.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √kṛ

Perfect Active

Root √kṛ (8th class) in Perfect tense, 3rd person plural active. Reduplicated form.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - a great sound, a loud noise, an uproar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - great sound, loud noise, uproar

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'svana' (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
  Often used as prefix 'mahā-'. Feminine stem of mahant.
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root √svan (to sound, to roar).
  Root: √svan (class 1)

रुरुवुः (ruruvuḥ) - they cried, they roared, they howled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √ru

Perfect Active

Root √ru (2nd class) in Perfect tense, 3rd person plural active. Reduplicated form.

Root: √ru (class 2)

वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - an elephant, a kind of antelope, a shield

From root √vṛ (to cover, to ward off), with suffix -ana. In context, usually elephant.

Root: √vṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, also

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, likewise

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, also

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - wild animals and birds (animals and birds, beasts and fowls)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛgapakṣin

mṛgapakṣin - animals and birds, beasts and fowls

Dvandva compound of 'mṛga' (animal, beast, deer) and 'pakṣin' (bird, winged).

Compound type : dvandva (mṛga+pakṣin)

• mṛga – wild animal, beast, deer
  noun (masculine)
• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pakṣa' (wing) + suffix -in.

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with śabdena.

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise

वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √tras

Perfect Active

Root √tras (1st class) in Perfect tense, 3rd person plural active. Reduplicated form.

Prefix: vi

Root: √tras (class 1)

गङ्गोदधि-चराः (gaṅgodadhi-carāḥ) - those moving in the Ganges and the ocean, dwelling in the Ganges and ocean

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṅgodadhi-cara

gaṅgodadhi-cara - moving in the Ganges and ocean, dwelling in the Ganges and ocean

Tatpuruṣa compound. 'Gaṅgodadhi' (Ganges and ocean, dvandva) + 'cara' (moving/dwelling, from √car).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgodadhi+cara)

• gaṅgodadhi – Ganges and ocean
  noun (masculine)
  Dvandva compound of 'gaṅgā' (Ganges) and 'udadhi' (ocean).
• cara – moving, dwelling, going
  adjective (masculine)
  noun agent
  From root √car (to move, to wander).
  Root: √car (class 1)

झषाः (jhaṣāḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jhaṣa

jhaṣa - fish

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