महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-219, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा शैलनिपातेन भीषिताः खाण्डवालयाः ।
दानवा राक्षसा नागास्तरक्ष्वृक्षवनौकसः ।
द्विपाः प्रभिन्नाः शार्दूलाः सिंहाः केसरिणस्तथा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā śailanipātena bhīṣitāḥ khāṇḍavālayāḥ ,
dānavā rākṣasā nāgāstarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasaḥ ,
dvipāḥ prabhinnāḥ śārdūlāḥ siṁhāḥ kesariṇastathā.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tathā śailanipātena
bhīṣitāḥ khāṇḍavālayāḥ dānavāḥ rākṣasāḥ
nāgāḥ tarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasaḥ dvipāḥ
prabhinnāḥ śārdūlāḥ siṃhāḥ kesariṇaḥ tathā

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Thus, the Dānavas, Rākṣasas, Nāgas, hyenas, bears, other forest dwellers, elephants in rut, tigers, lions, and maned lions dwelling in Khāṇḍava were terrified by the falling mountain pieces.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• शैलनिपातेन (śailanipātena) - by the falling of the mountain (pieces)

• भीषिताः (bhīṣitāḥ) - terrified, frightened

• खाण्डवालयाः (khāṇḍavālayāḥ) - the following creatures dwelling in Khāṇḍava (residents of Khāṇḍava, dwelling in Khāṇḍava)

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - Dānavas (a class of demons)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (a class of demons/ogres)

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nāgas (serpents, semi-divine beings)

• तरक्ष्वृक्षवनौकसः (tarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasaḥ) - hyenas, bears, and forest dwellers

• द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants (lit. two-drinkers)

• प्रभिन्नाः (prabhinnāḥ) - (elephants) in rut (in rut, enraged, split, broken)

• शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - tigers

• सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

• केसरिणः (kesariṇaḥ) - maned lions, lions

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a revered sage, a disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect

Reduplicated Perfect form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

शैलनिपातेन (śailanipātena) - by the falling of the mountain (pieces)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śailanipāta

śailanipāta - fall of rocks/mountains, mountain fall

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaila+nipāta)

• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• nipāta – falling, descent, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From ni- + √pat (to fall)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: pat (class 1)

भीषिताः (bhīṣitāḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīṣita

bhīṣita - terrified, frightened, caused to fear

Past Passive Participle

From √bhī (to fear) in causative (bhīṣayati)

Root: bhī (class 3)

खाण्डवालयाः (khāṇḍavālayāḥ) - the following creatures dwelling in Khāṇḍava (residents of Khāṇḍava, dwelling in Khāṇḍava)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khāṇḍavālaya

khāṇḍavālaya - dwelling in Khāṇḍava, residing in the Khāṇḍava forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (khāṇḍava+ālaya)

• khāṇḍava – Khāṇḍava (name of a forest)
  proper noun (neuter)
• ālaya – dwelling, abode, house
  noun (masculine)
  From ā- + √lī (to cling, abide)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - Dānavas (a class of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - Dānava, a class of powerful demons (sons of Danu)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (a class of demons/ogres)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa, a class of demons, ogres, evil spirits

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nāgas (serpents, semi-divine beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - Nāga (serpent-demon, cobra), elephant

तरक्ष्वृक्षवनौकसः (tarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasaḥ) - hyenas, bears, and forest dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasa

tarakṣvṛkṣavanaukasa - hyenas, bears, and other forest dwellers (combined form)

Compound type : dvandva (tarakṣu+ṛkṣa+vanaukas)

• tarakṣu – hyena, tiger
  noun (masculine)
• ṛkṣa – bear, star
  noun (masculine)
• vanaukas – forest dweller, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
  From vana (forest) + okas (dwelling)
  Root: vas (class 1)

द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants (lit. two-drinkers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker', referring to its trunk and mouth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

प्रभिन्नाः (prabhinnāḥ) - (elephants) in rut (in rut, enraged, split, broken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prabhinna

prabhinna - split, broken, in rut (for elephants), distinct, differentiated

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + √bhid (to split, break)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - tigers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, cheetah, panther

सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion, king, best of its kind

केसरिणः (kesariṇaḥ) - maned lions, lions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kesarin

kesarin - lion (lit. having a mane), maned

From kesara (mane) + -in suffix

तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction particle