योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-19, verse-26

पुण्य उवाच ।
किं पुत्र घनतां शोकं नयस्यान्ध्यैककारणम् ।
वाष्पधाराधरं घोरं प्रावट्काल इवाम्बुजम् ॥ २६ ॥

puṇya uvāca ,
kiṃ putra ghanatāṃ śokaṃ nayasyāndhyaikakāraṇam ,
vāṣpadhārādharaṃ ghoraṃ prāvaṭkāla ivāmbujam 26

26. puṇyaḥ uvāca | kim putra ghanatām
śokam nayasi āndhyaikakāraṇam
| vāṣpadhārādharam ghoram
prāvaṭkāla iva ambujam || 26 ||

26. puṇyaḥ uvāca putra,
kim śokam ghanatām nayasi,
[yaḥ] āndhyaikakāraṇam,
[saḥ śokaḥ] prāvaṭkāla iva ghoram vāṣpadhārādharam ambujam.

26. Puṇya said: 'Son, why do you make your sorrow so intense – that very sorrow which is the sole cause of blindness – resembling a terrible cloud in the rainy season, heavy with torrents of tears?'

Words meanings summery:

• पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - Puṇya (the speaker) (Puṇya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• पुत्र (putra) - son (vocative) (son, child)

• घनताम् (ghanatām) - intensity (denseness, intensity)

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, distress)

• नयसि (nayasi) - you make, you bring to (a state) (you lead, you guide, you bring)

• आन्ध्यैककारणम् (āndhyaikakāraṇam) - the sole cause of blindness

• वाष्पधाराधरम् (vāṣpadhārādharam) - heavy with torrents of tears (carrying torrents of tears/vapor)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

• प्रावट्काल (prāvaṭkāla) - in the rainy season (locative usage implied with `iva`) (rainy season)

• इव (iva) - like, resembling (like, as, as if)

• अम्बुजम् (ambujam) - cloud (born of water (lotus, conch, moon, cloud))

Words meanings and morphology

पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - Puṇya (the speaker) (Puṇya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, good, sacred; a proper name

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

पुत्र (putra) - son (vocative) (son, child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Addressing the listener.

घनताम् (ghanatām) - intensity (denseness, intensity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghanatā

ghanatā - denseness, thickness, intensity, solidity

Derived from `ghana` (dense) with suffix `tā` (abstract noun)

Note: Predicate accusative indicating the state to which sorrow is brought.

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, distress)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, distress, affliction

From root `śuc` (to sorrow, grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `nayasi`.

नयसि (nayasi) - you make, you bring to (a state) (you lead, you guide, you bring)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nī

present active

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice, from root `nī`

Root: nī (class 1)

आन्ध्यैककारणम् (āndhyaikakāraṇam) - the sole cause of blindness

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āndhyaikakāraṇa

āndhyaikakāraṇa - the sole cause of blindness

Tatpuruṣa compound: `āndhya` (blindness) + `eka` (sole) + `kāraṇa` (cause)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āndhya+eka+kāraṇa)

• āndhya – blindness
  noun (neuter)
• eka – one, sole, principal
  adjective (neuter)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to `śoka`, but agrees with `ambujam` in form.

वाष्पधाराधरम् (vāṣpadhārādharam) - heavy with torrents of tears (carrying torrents of tears/vapor)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāṣpadhārādhara

vāṣpadhārādhara - carrying streams of vapor/tears

Compound: `vāṣpa` (tear/vapor) + `dhārā` (stream) + `dhara` (bearing). Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāṣpa+dhārā+dhara)

• vāṣpa – tear, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• dhārā – stream, current, torrent
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• dhara – bearing, carrying, holding
  adjective (neuter)
  From root `dhṛ` (to bear, hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `ghoram` and `ambujam`.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful

Note: Agrees with `vāṣpadhārādharam` and `ambujam`.

प्रावट्काल (prāvaṭkāla) - in the rainy season (locative usage implied with `iva`) (rainy season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāvaṭkāla

prāvaṭkāla - rainy season

Compound of `prāvṛṣ` (rainy season) + `kāla` (time)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāvṛṣ+kāla)

• prāvṛṣ – rainy season, rain
  noun (feminine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: The word `prāvaṭkāla` in this context acts like an adverbial phrase "in the rainy season" in conjunction with `iva`.

इव (iva) - like, resembling (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अम्बुजम् (ambujam) - cloud (born of water (lotus, conch, moon, cloud))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambuja

ambuja - born of water; a lotus, a conch, the moon, a cloud

Compound: `ambus` (water) + `ja` (born). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ambus+jan)

• ambus – water
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (neuter)
  From root `jan` (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of comparison for `śokam`.