योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-12, verse-8

प्रहृष्टो न बभूवासौ क्वचिन्न च सुदुःखितः ।
प्रकृतेर्व्यवहारत्वात्सदैव सममानसः ॥ ८ ॥

prahṛṣṭo na babhūvāsau kvacinna ca suduḥkhitaḥ ,
prakṛtervyavahāratvātsadaiva samamānasaḥ 8

8. prahṛṣṭaḥ na babhūva asau kvacit na ca suduḥkhitaḥ
prakṛteḥ vyavahāratvāt sadā eva samamānasaḥ

8. asau kvacit prahṛṣṭaḥ na babhūva ca suduḥkhitaḥ na [babhūva].
prakṛteḥ vyavahāratvāt sadā eva samamānasaḥ

8. He was never excessively delighted nor greatly distressed. Due to the workings of nature (prakṛti), his mind always remained equanimous.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted, very happy

• न (na) - not, no

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• असौ (asau) - he, that one

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - in this context, combined with 'na', means 'never' (anywhere, at any time, sometimes)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, extremely sorrowful

• प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of nature, from nature

• व्यवहारत्वात् (vyavahāratvāt) - because of the activity, due to the practical dealing/conduct

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• सममानसः (samamānasaḥ) - even-minded, equanimous

Words meanings and morphology

प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted, very happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, joyful

Past Passive Participle

from root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'asau'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negation particle

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Tense

reduplicated perfect, from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

असौ (asau) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote), this (proximate)

Note: Subject of the sentence (referring to Janaka)

क्वचित् (kvacit) - in this context, combined with 'na', means 'never' (anywhere, at any time, sometimes)

(indeclinable)

from interrogative pronoun 'ka' + 'cid'

Note: Used with 'na' to express negation over place/time.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negation particle

Note: Paired with the first 'na' to form 'neither...nor' with 'ca'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction particle

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, extremely sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, very sad

Past Passive Participle

tatpurusha compound: su (very) + duḥkhita (distressed)

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating intensity or goodness
• duḥkhita – pained, distressed, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from duḥkha (pain) + suffix -ita
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'asau'

प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of nature, from nature

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, primary matter, origin, fundamental constitution

from root kṛ (to do, make) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governs 'vyavahāratvāt' (causal sense)

व्यवहारत्वात् (vyavahāratvāt) - because of the activity, due to the practical dealing/conduct

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vyavahāratva

vyavahāratva - the state of being a transaction/activity/practical conduct

from 'vyavahāra' + suffix 'tva' (abstract noun suffix)

Note: indicates cause or reason

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

adverb of time

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes 'sadā'

सममानसः (samamānasaḥ) - even-minded, equanimous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samamānasa

samamānasa - even-minded, having a balanced mind, tranquil

bahuvrihi compound: sama (equal, even) + mānasa (mind, heart)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sama+mānasa)

• sama – equal, same, even, tranquil
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sam
• mānasa – pertaining to the mind, mental, mind, heart
  noun (neuter)
  from manas (mind)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'asau'