योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-12, verse-20

दुरुत्तरा या विपदो दुःखकल्लोलसंकुलाः ।
तीर्यते प्रज्ञया ताभ्यो नावापद्भ्यो महामते ॥ २० ॥

duruttarā yā vipado duḥkhakallolasaṃkulāḥ ,
tīryate prajñayā tābhyo nāvāpadbhyo mahāmate 20

20. durutttarā yā vipadaḥ duḥkha-kallola-saṃkulāḥ |
tīryate prajñayā tābhyaḥ nāvā āpadbhyaḥ mahāmate

20. mahāmate yā durutttarāḥ duḥkha-kallola-saṃkulāḥ
vipadaḥ tābhyaḥ prajñayā nāvā āpadbhyaḥ tīryate

20. O great-minded one (mahāmate), those calamities (vipad), which are difficult to overcome and filled with waves of sorrow, are crossed by means of wisdom (prajñā), just as one crosses calamities by a boat.

Words meanings summery:

• दुरुत्त्तरा (durutttarā) - difficult to overcome (difficult to cross, difficult to overcome)

• या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine plural nominative))

• विपदः (vipadaḥ) - calamities (vipad) (calamities, misfortunes, dangers)

• दुःख-कल्लोल-संकुलाः (duḥkha-kallola-saṁkulāḥ) - filled with waves of sorrow (crowded with waves of sorrow, full of billows of misery)

• तीर्यते (tīryate) - are crossed (is crossed, is overcome, is passed over)

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by means of wisdom (prajñā) (by wisdom, by insight)

• ताभ्यः (tābhyaḥ) - from them (calamities) (from them, to them (feminine plural))

• नावा (nāvā) - by a boat (by a boat, by a ship)

• आपद्भ्यः (āpadbhyaḥ) - from calamities (from calamities, to calamities)

• महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

Words meanings and morphology

दुरुत्त्तरा (durutttarā) - difficult to overcome (difficult to cross, difficult to overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of duruttara

duruttara - difficult to cross, difficult to overcome, unanswerable

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+uttara)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• uttara – crossing, overcoming, answer, superior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

या (yā) - which (which, who (feminine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

विपदः (vipadaḥ) - calamities (vipad) (calamities, misfortunes, dangers)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vipad

vipad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

Prefix: vi

Root: pad (class 4)

दुःख-कल्लोल-संकुलाः (duḥkha-kallola-saṁkulāḥ) - filled with waves of sorrow (crowded with waves of sorrow, full of billows of misery)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of duḥkhakallolasaṃkulā

duḥkhakallolasaṁkulā - crowded/filled with waves of sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+kallola+saṃkula)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• kallola – wave, billow, surge
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkula – crowded, filled, confused, disordered
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam

तीर्यते (tīryate) - are crossed (is crossed, is overcome, is passed over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of tṛ

passive present

Passive voice of root `tṛ`.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The passive singular verb agrees with the implied "one" or the act of crossing. The actual objects (`vipadaḥ`) are in the ablative (`tābhyaḥ`, `āpadbhyaḥ`), indicating "from which one crosses."

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by means of wisdom (prajñā) (by wisdom, by insight)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, insight, intelligence, discernment

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

ताभ्यः (tābhyaḥ) - from them (calamities) (from them, to them (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `vipadaḥ`.

नावा (nāvā) - by a boat (by a boat, by a ship)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship, vessel

आपद्भ्यः (āpadbhyaḥ) - from calamities (from calamities, to calamities)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The form `āpadbhyaḥ` can be either dative or ablative plural. Here, ablative meaning "from" is appropriate for "crossing from calamities".

महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one (O great-minded one, O intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, intelligent, highly wise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, opinion
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)