योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-12, verse-21

प्रज्ञाविरहितं मूढमापदल्पापि बाधते ।
पेलवाचानिलकला सारहीनमिवोलपम् ॥ २१ ॥

prajñāvirahitaṃ mūḍhamāpadalpāpi bādhate ,
pelavācānilakalā sārahīnamivolapam 21

21. prajñā-virahitam mūḍham āpad alpā api bādhate
| pelavā ca anila-kalā sāra-hīnam iva ulapam

21. prajñā-virahitam mūḍham alpā api āpad bādhate,
pelavā anila-kalā sāra-hīnam ulapam iva ca

21. Even a small calamity troubles a foolish person who is devoid of wisdom (prajñā), just as a gentle gust of wind (anilakalā) troubles a flimsy, sapless blade of grass (ulapa).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रज्ञा-विरहितम् (prajñā-virahitam) - devoid of wisdom (prajñā) (devoid of wisdom, separated from wisdom)

• मूढम् (mūḍham) - a foolish person (a foolish person, an ignorant person)

• आपद् (āpad) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, distress)

• अल्पा (alpā) - small (small, little, insignificant)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, and)

• बाधते (bādhate) - troubles (afflicts, troubles, obstructs, oppresses)

• पेलवा (pelavā) - gentle (delicate, tender, soft, gentle)

• च (ca) - and (connects the two clauses, implying comparison) (and, also)

• अनिल-कला (anila-kalā) - a gentle gust of wind (a small part of wind, a breeze, a gust of wind)

• सार-हीनम् (sāra-hīnam) - flimsy, sapless (without essence, sapless, weak, worthless)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, as)

• उलपम् (ulapam) - blade of grass (straw, coarse grass)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रज्ञा-विरहितम् (prajñā-virahitam) - devoid of wisdom (prajñā) (devoid of wisdom, separated from wisdom)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prajñāvirahita

prajñāvirahita - devoid of wisdom, lacking insight

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `prajñā` and `virahita` (from `vi-√rah` with `kta` suffix).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajñā+virahita)

• prajñā – wisdom, insight, intelligence, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• virahita – separated, devoid of, deprived of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `vi-√rah` (to abandon).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rah (class 1)

मूढम् (mūḍham) - a foolish person (a foolish person, an ignorant person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

From root `muh` (to be bewildered, confused) with `kta` suffix.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Can function as a noun (a fool) or adjective (foolish). Here, functions as a noun.

आपद् (āpad) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

अल्पा (alpā) - small (small, little, insignificant)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

अपि (api) - even (also, even, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to emphasize "even a small".

बाधते (bādhate) - troubles (afflicts, troubles, obstructs, oppresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

पेलवा (pelavā) - gentle (delicate, tender, soft, gentle)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pelava

pelava - delicate, tender, soft, gentle, slight

च (ca) - and (connects the two clauses, implying comparison) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अनिल-कला (anila-kalā) - a gentle gust of wind (a small part of wind, a breeze, a gust of wind)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anilakalā

anilakalā - a small part/particle of wind, a gentle breeze

Compound type : tatpurusha (anila+kalā)

• anila – wind, air, breath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• kalā – part, portion, digit (of moon), art, skill
  noun (feminine)

सार-हीनम् (sāra-hīnam) - flimsy, sapless (without essence, sapless, weak, worthless)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sārahīna

sārahīna - without essence, sapless, worthless, weak

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sāra+hīna)

• sāra – essence, pith, strength, core, value
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• hīna – devoid of, lacking, abandoned, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `hā` (to abandon, forsake).
  Root: hā (class 3)

इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

उलपम् (ulapam) - blade of grass (straw, coarse grass)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ulapa

ulapa - a kind of coarse grass, straw, reed