योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-6, verse-3

दुःखाद्यथा दुःखकाले हा कष्टमिति कथ्यते ।
हाकष्टशब्दपर्यायस्तथा हा दैवमित्यपि ॥ ३ ॥

duḥkhādyathā duḥkhakāle hā kaṣṭamiti kathyate ,
hākaṣṭaśabdaparyāyastathā hā daivamityapi 3

3. duḥkhāt yathā duḥkhakāle hā kaṣṭam iti kathyate
hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāyaḥ tathā hā daivam iti api

3. yathā duḥkhakāle duḥkhāt hā kaṣṭam iti kathyate,
tathā hā daivam iti api hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāyaḥ (asti).

3. "Just as during times of suffering, 'Alas, what misery!' is uttered due to distress, so too is 'Alas, destiny (daiva)!' merely an equivalent expression for 'Alas, misery!'."

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - Due to distress or misery. (from suffering, due to pain)

• यथा (yathā) - Introduces a comparison. (as, just as)

• दुःखकाले (duḥkhakāle) - During periods when one is experiencing pain. (in time of suffering, during distress)

• हा (hā) - An interjection of lament or sorrow. (alas! oh! ah!)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Uttered as an exclamation of distress. (misery, suffering, difficulty)

• इति (iti) - Introduces the quoted expression. (thus, so)

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - "Is uttered" or "is expressed". (is said, is told, is called)

• हा-कष्ट-शब्द-पर्यायः (hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāyaḥ) - A phrase that serves the same purpose or expresses the same sentiment as "alas, misery!". (an equivalent of the word 'hā kaṣṭam')

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in the same way

• हा (hā) - Part of the exclamation "Alas, destiny!". (alas! oh!)

• दैवम् (daivam) - The concept of fate or destiny (daiva), used here as an exclamation. (destiny, fate, divine)

• इति (iti) - Introduces the quoted expression. (thus, so)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that "Alas, destiny!" is *also* an equivalent expression. (also, even, too)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - Due to distress or misery. (from suffering, due to pain)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

From dus (bad) + kha (hole/axis, implying bad condition).

Note: Cause expressed by the ablative case.

यथा (yathā) - Introduces a comparison. (as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Relates to the correlative 'tathā'.

दुःखकाले (duḥkhakāle) - During periods when one is experiencing pain. (in time of suffering, during distress)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duḥkhakāla

duḥkhakāla - time of suffering, time of distress

Tatpurusha compound: duḥkha (suffering) + kāla (time).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+kāla)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

हा (hā) - An interjection of lament or sorrow. (alas! oh! ah!)

(indeclinable)

Interjection.

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Uttered as an exclamation of distress. (misery, suffering, difficulty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - misery, suffering, pain, difficulty, wretched, bad

From root √kaṣ (to rub, afflict).

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

इति (iti) - Introduces the quoted expression. (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

कथ्यते (kathyate) - "Is uttered" or "is expressed". (is said, is told, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kath

present tense, passive voice

Present 3rd singular passive of root √kath (derived from √kṛt).

Root: kath (class 10)

हा-कष्ट-शब्द-पर्यायः (hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāyaḥ) - A phrase that serves the same purpose or expresses the same sentiment as "alas, misery!". (an equivalent of the word 'hā kaṣṭam')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāya

hā-kaṣṭa-śabda-paryāya - synonym for the word "alas, misery!"

Tatpurusha compound: hā-kaṣṭa (the exclamation "alas, misery!") + śabda (word) + paryāya (equivalent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hā-kaṣṭa+śabda+paryāya)

• hā-kaṣṭa – the expression 'alas, misery!'
  noun (neuter)
  Compound representing the phrase 'hā kaṣṭam'.
• śabda – word, sound
  noun (masculine)
• paryāya – synonym, equivalent, turn, method
  noun (masculine)
  From pari + √i (to go).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied "is".

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in the same way

(indeclinable)

Relates to the correlative 'yathā'.

हा (hā) - Part of the exclamation "Alas, destiny!". (alas! oh!)

(indeclinable)

Interjection.

दैवम् (daivam) - The concept of fate or destiny (daiva), used here as an exclamation. (destiny, fate, divine)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods, destiny, fate

Derived from deva.

Note: Used as an exclamation.

इति (iti) - Introduces the quoted expression. (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that "Alas, destiny!" is *also* an equivalent expression. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.