योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-6, verse-26

कर्म यः प्राक्तनं तुच्छं न निहन्ति शुभेहितैः ।
अज्ञो जन्तुरनीशोऽसावात्मनः सुखदुःखयोः ॥ २६ ॥

karma yaḥ prāktanaṃ tucchaṃ na nihanti śubhehitaiḥ ,
ajño janturanīśo'sāvātmanaḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ 26

26. karma yaḥ prāktanam tuccham na nihanti śubha-īhitaiḥ
ajñaḥ jantuḥ anīśaḥ asau ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ

26. yaḥ śubha-īhitaiḥ prāktanam tuccham karma na nihanti
asau ajñaḥ jantuḥ ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ anīśaḥ

26. That ignorant creature who does not overcome his trivial past (prāktana) karma through auspicious efforts is not the master of his own joy and sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्म (karma) - actions from past lives or their consequences (action, deed, ritual, fate, consequence of action)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• प्राक्तनम् (prāktanam) - related to past actions or their consequences (past, former, ancient)

• तुच्छम् (tuccham) - trivial, insignificant, worthless, empty

• न (na) - not, no

• निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys, kills, overcomes, subdues

• शुभ-ईहितैः (śubha-īhitaiḥ) - by good efforts, by auspicious endeavors

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, person

• अनीशः (anīśaḥ) - powerless, not master of, helpless

• असौ (asau) - that one, he, she, it

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, of the soul

• सुख-दुःखयोः (sukha-duḥkhayoḥ) - of joy and sorrow, of happiness and misery

Words meanings and morphology

कर्म (karma) - actions from past lives or their consequences (action, deed, ritual, fate, consequence of action)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karmaṇ

karmaṇ - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect

From root kṛ (to do, make) + manin suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

प्राक्तनम् (prāktanam) - related to past actions or their consequences (past, former, ancient)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāktana

prāktana - ancient, former, past, belonging to the past

From prāk (former, eastward) + tana (suffix indicating time/origin).

तुच्छम् (tuccham) - trivial, insignificant, worthless, empty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tuccha

tuccha - empty, trivial, insignificant, small, worthless

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निहन्ति (nihanti) - destroys, kills, overcomes, subdues

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

From prefix ni- + root han (to strike, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शुभ-ईहितैः (śubha-īhitaiḥ) - by good efforts, by auspicious endeavors

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śubha-īhita

śubha-īhita - good effort, auspicious endeavor

Compound of śubha (good, auspicious) and īhita (effort, endeavor, desire).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śubha+īhita)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful, pure
  adjective (neuter)
• īhita – effort, endeavor, desire, intended
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root īh (to strive, endeavor).
  Root: īh (class 1)

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unknowing

Compound: a- (not) + jña (knowing).

Root: jñā (class 9)

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - creature, living being, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, animal, person

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

अनीशः (anīśaḥ) - powerless, not master of, helpless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anīśa

anīśa - powerless, not lord of, helpless

Compound: an- (not) + īśa (master, lord).

असौ (asau) - that one, he, she, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that person

Demonstrative pronoun.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive, 'his own'.

सुख-दुःखयोः (sukha-duḥkhayoḥ) - of joy and sorrow, of happiness and misery

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - joy and sorrow, happiness and misery

Compound of sukha (joy, happiness) and duḥkha (sorrow, misery).

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)

Note: The word `duḥkhayoḥ` is genitive dual, agreeing with `ātmanaḥ` implicitly, indicating 'master of his own joy and sorrow'.