वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-7, verse-28

माली चाभ्यद्रवद् युद्धे प्रगृह्य सशरं धनुः ।
मालेर्धनुश्च्युता बाणाः कार्तस्वरविभूषिताः ।
विविशुर्हरिमासाद्य क्रौञ्चं पत्ररथा इव ॥२८॥

28. mālī cābhyadravad yuddhe pragṛhya saśaraṃ dhanuḥ ,
mālerdhanuścyutā bāṇāḥ kārtasvaravibhūṣitāḥ ,
viviśurharimāsādya krauñcaṃ patrarathā iva.

28. mālī ca abhyadravat yuddhe pragṛhya
sa-śaram dhanuḥ māleḥ dhanuḥ cyutāḥ
bāṇāḥ kārtasvara-vibhūṣitāḥ viviśuḥ
harim āsādya krauñcam patrarathāḥ iva

28. ca mālī yuddhe saśaram dhanuḥ pragṛhya
abhyadravat māleḥ dhanuḥ cyutāḥ
kārtasvaravibhūṣitāḥ bāṇāḥ harim
āsādya viviśuḥ patrarathāḥ krauñcam iva

28. And Māli attacked in battle, having seized his bow equipped with arrows. Arrows, adorned with gold, discharged from Māli's bow, penetrated the enemy (hari) upon reaching him, just as birds enter the Krauñca mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• माली (mālī) - Mali (name of a demon)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - attacked, ran towards, charged

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in fight

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken

• स-शरम् (sa-śaram) - with arrows, having arrows

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• मालेः (māleḥ) - from Mali, of Mali

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - from the bow

• च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - discharged, fallen, released

• बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

• कार्तस्वर-विभूषिताः (kārtasvara-vibhūṣitāḥ) - adorned with gold, embellished with gold

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - entered, penetrated

• हरिम् (harim) - the enemy (lion, Vishnu, monkey, enemy)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having attained, having attacked

• क्रौञ्चम् (krauñcam) - Krauñca mountain (a mythical mountain) (Krauncha (name of a mountain or bird))

• पत्ररथाः (patrarathāḥ) - birds (lit. 'wing-chariots')

• इव (iva) - like, as if

Words meanings and morphology

माली (mālī) - Mali (name of a demon)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mālin

mālin - garlanded, wearing a garland, name of a demon

n-stem noun.

Note: Subject of 'abhyadravat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - attacked, ran towards, charged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of abhi-dru

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ)

From prefix 'abhi' + root 'dru' (to run). Augment 'a' + 'abhi' + 'dru' + 't' (3rd sg. act.).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Adverbial locative.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'pra' + root 'grah' + suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Describes the manner of action of 'abhyadravat'.

स-शरम् (sa-śaram) - with arrows, having arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśara

saśara - with arrows, equipped with arrows

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'śara' (arrow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

s-stem noun.

Note: Direct object of 'pragṛhya'.

मालेः (māleḥ) - from Mali, of Mali

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mālin

mālin - garlanded, name of a demon

n-stem noun.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - from the bow

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

s-stem noun.

Note: Source from which arrows are discharged.

च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - discharged, fallen, released

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cyuta

cyuta - discharged, fallen, released

Past Passive Participle

From root 'cyu' (to move, fall) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: cyu (class 1)

बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

कार्तस्वर-विभूषिताः (kārtasvara-vibhūṣitāḥ) - adorned with gold, embellished with gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kārtasvaravibhūṣita

kārtasvaravibhūṣita - adorned with gold

Tatpuruṣa compound (or Bahuvrīhi if 'having gold as adornment'): 'kārtasvara' (gold) + 'vibhūṣita' (adorned).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārtasvara+vibhūṣita)

• kārtasvara – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'vi' + root 'bhūṣ' + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇāḥ'.

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - entered, penetrated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: viś (class 6)

हरिम् (harim) - the enemy (lion, Vishnu, monkey, enemy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - lion, Vishnu, monkey, horse, enemy, golden

i-stem noun.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having attained, having attacked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'ā' + root 'sad' + suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

क्रौञ्चम् (krauñcam) - Krauñca mountain (a mythical mountain) (Krauncha (name of a mountain or bird))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krauñca

krauñca - Krauñca (name of a mountain, a heron, a crane)

Note: Object of the implied verb in the simile.

पत्ररथाः (patrarathāḥ) - birds (lit. 'wing-chariots')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patraratha

patraratha - bird (lit. 'having wings as chariots')

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'patra' (wing, feather) + 'ratha' (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (patra+ratha)

• patra – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pat
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ram' (to rejoice, sport) with 'atha' suffix (doubtful etymology).
  Root: ram

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)