वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-7, verse-12

न शेकुरश्वाः संस्थातुं विमदाः कुञ्जराभवन् ।
स्यन्दनेभ्यश्च्युता योधाः शङ्खरावितदुर्बलाः ॥१२॥

12. na śekuraśvāḥ saṃsthātuṃ vimadāḥ kuñjarābhavan ,
syandanebhyaścyutā yodhāḥ śaṅkharāvitadurbalāḥ.

12. na śekuḥ aśvāḥ saṃsthātum vimadāḥ kuñjarāḥ abhavan
syandanebhyaḥ cyutāḥ yodhāḥ śaṅkharāvitadurbalāḥ

12. The horses were unable to stand still, the elephants became disoriented and lost their might, and the warriors, weakened by the conch's roar, fell from their chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, they could

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• संस्थातुम् (saṁsthātum) - to stand still (to stand still, to remain, to stop)

• विमदाः (vimadāḥ) - disoriented and lost their might (without rut/intoxication, dispirited, bewildered, disoriented)

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• स्यन्दनेभ्यः (syandanebhyaḥ) - from chariots

• च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - fallen, dropped, deviated

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• शङ्खरावितदुर्बलाः (śaṅkharāvitadurbalāḥ) - weakened by the conch's roar

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able, they could

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of śak

Perfect active

From root √śak (to be able). Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: √śak (class 5)

Note: Plural verb, agreeing with 'aśvāḥ'.

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Subject of 'na śekuḥ'.

संस्थातुम् (saṁsthātum) - to stand still (to stand still, to remain, to stop)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefix sam. Infinitive suffix -tum.

Prefix: sam

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Purpose/complement of 'śekuḥ'.

विमदाः (vimadāḥ) - disoriented and lost their might (without rut/intoxication, dispirited, bewildered, disoriented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimada

vimada - without rut, dispirited, bewildered, devoid of arrogance

Compound of 'vi' (without) and 'mada' (rut, intoxication).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mada)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix denoting separation or negation.
• mada – intoxication, rut, arrogance, passion
  noun (masculine)
  From root √mad (to rejoice, be intoxicated).
  Root: √mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'kuñjarāḥ'.

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

Literally 'roaming in caves/forests'.

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

From root √bhū (to be, become). Augmented form of 'bhavati'.

Root: √bhū (class 1)

स्यन्दनेभ्यः (syandanebhyaḥ) - from chariots

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of syandana

syandana - chariot, stream, flowing

From root √syand (to flow).

Root: √syand (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation from 'cyutāḥ'.

च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - fallen, dropped, deviated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated, removed

Past Passive Participle

From root √cyu (to fall, move).

Root: √cyu (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: √yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb ('fell').

शङ्खरावितदुर्बलाः (śaṅkharāvitadurbalāḥ) - weakened by the conch's roar

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaṅkharāvitadurbala

śaṅkharāvitadurbala - weakened by the sound of the conch, made feeble by the conch's roar

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'having become weak due to the conch's roar'. Compound of 'śaṅkharāva' (conch roar), 'ita' (affected by/gone to), and 'durbala' (weak).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śaṅkharāva+ita+durbala)

• śaṅkharāva – sound of a conch, conch roar
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'śaṅkha' (conch) and 'rāva' (sound).
• ita – gone, gone through, affected
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √i (to go). Used here in a compound to mean 'affected by' or 'subjected to'.
  Root: √i (class 2)
• durbala – weak, feeble, powerless
  adjective
  Compound of 'dur' (bad, difficult) and 'bala' (strength).
  Prefix: dur

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.