वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-7, verse-27

तैरश्वैर्भ्राम्यते भ्रान्तैः सुमाली राक्षसेश्वरः ।
इन्द्रियाश्वैर्यथा भ्रान्तैर्धृतिहीनो यथा नरः ॥२७॥

27. tairaśvairbhrāmyate bhrāntaiḥ sumālī rākṣaseśvaraḥ ,
indriyāśvairyathā bhrāntairdhṛtihīno yathā naraḥ.

27. taiḥ aśvaiḥ bhrāmyate bhrāntaiḥ sumālī rākṣaseśvaraḥ
indriya-aśvaiḥ yathā bhrāntaiḥ dhṛti-hīnaḥ yathā naraḥ

27. rākṣaseśvaraḥ sumālī taiḥ bhrāntaiḥ aśvaiḥ bhrāmyate
yathā dhṛtihīnaḥ naraḥ bhrāntaiḥ indriyāśvaiḥ yathā

27. Sumāli, the lord of demons, was dragged around by those bewildered horses, just as a man devoid of fortitude (dhṛti) is bewildered by the horses of the senses (indriyas).

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - referring to the horses from the previous verse (by those)

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

• भ्राम्यते (bhrāmyate) - is caused to wander, is bewildered, is made to turn around

• भ्रान्तैः (bhrāntaiḥ) - by bewildered, by confused

• सुमाली (sumālī) - Sumali

• राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of demons, king of rakshasas

• इन्द्रिय-अश्वैः (indriya-aśvaiḥ) - by the horses of the senses, by the sense-horses

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

• भ्रान्तैः (bhrāntaiḥ) - by bewildered, by confused

• धृति-हीनः (dhṛti-hīnaḥ) - devoid of fortitude, lacking steadfastness, without courage

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, human being

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - referring to the horses from the previous verse (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies 'aśvaiḥ'.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Agent of 'bhrāmyate'.

भ्राम्यते (bhrāmyate) - is caused to wander, is bewildered, is made to turn around

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bhram

Present Tense (Laṭ), passive voice

Root 'bhram' (class 1, 4) in causative passive sense 'is caused to wander/bewildered'. Or simply passive of 'bhram' (to wander). The middle voice ending '-yate' can indicate a passive form from an active root.

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'sumālī'.

भ्रान्तैः (bhrāntaiḥ) - by bewildered, by confused

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrānta

bhrānta - bewildered, confused, having wandered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhram' + 'kta' suffix.

Root: bhram (class 1)

सुमाली (sumālī) - Sumali

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumāli

sumāli - name of a demon (rakṣasa)

Note: Subject of 'bhrāmyate'.

राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of demons, king of rakshasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣaseśvara

rākṣaseśvara - lord of demons

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'rākṣasa' (demon) + 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+īśvara)

• rākṣasa – demon, rakshasa
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'īś' (to rule, be master of).
  Root: īś (class 2)

इन्द्रिय-अश्वैः (indriya-aśvaiḥ) - by the horses of the senses, by the sense-horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of indriyāśva

indriyāśva - sense-horses, senses compared to horses

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'indriya' (sense) + 'aśva' (horse).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indriya+aśva)

• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power (of indra)
  noun (neuter)
  From 'Indra'.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of implied 'bhrāmyate' in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

(indeclinable)

भ्रान्तैः (bhrāntaiḥ) - by bewildered, by confused

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrānta

bhrānta - bewildered, confused, having wandered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhram' + 'kta' suffix.

Root: bhram (class 1)

धृति-हीनः (dhṛti-hīnaḥ) - devoid of fortitude, lacking steadfastness, without courage

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtihīna

dhṛtihīna - lacking fortitude, devoid of courage

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dhṛti' (fortitude/steadiness) + 'hīna' (devoid/lacking).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛti+hīna)

• dhṛti – fortitude, resolve, steadiness, courage, mental firmness
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• hīna – deprived of, devoid of, lacking, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake).
  Root: hā (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like, in which way

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of the simile.