वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-82, verse-6

कथं शूर्पणखा वृद्धा कराला निर्णतोदरी ।
आससाद वने रामं कन्दर्पमिव रूपिणम् ॥६॥

6. kathaṃ śūrpaṇakhā vṛddhā karālā nirṇatodarī ,
āsasāda vane rāmaṃ kandarpamiva rūpiṇam.

6. katham śūrpaṇakhā vṛddhā karālā nirṇatodarī
| āsasāda vane rāmam kandarpam iva rūpiṇam

6. katham śūrpaṇakhā vṛddhā karālā nirṇatodarī
vane rāmam kandarpam rūpiṇam iva āsasāda

6. How did Śūrpaṇakhā, old, hideous, and with a sunken belly, approach Rāma in the forest, who was like the embodied god of love (Kandarpa)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• शूर्पणखा (śūrpaṇakhā) - Śūrpaṇakhā (name of a female Rākṣasa)

• वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - old, aged

• कराला (karālā) - hideous, terrifying, dreadful

• निर्णतोदरी (nirṇatodarī) - with a sunken belly, having a hollow stomach

• आससाद (āsasāda) - she approached, she reached, she attained

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (name of the prince of Ayodhya)

• कन्दर्पम् (kandarpam) - Kandarpa (god of love)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• रूपिणम् (rūpiṇam) - embodied, having form, handsome

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शूर्पणखा (śūrpaṇakhā) - Śūrpaṇakhā (name of a female Rākṣasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śūrpaṇakhā

śūrpaṇakhā - Śūrpaṇakhā, the sister of Rāvaṇa (literally 'having nails like winnowing baskets')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śūrpa+nakha)

• śūrpa – winnowing basket
  noun (neuter)
• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - old, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛdh (to grow, to increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śūrpaṇakhā'.

कराला (karālā) - hideous, terrifying, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of karāla

karāla - wide-mouthed, formidable, terrifying, hideous, dreadful

Note: Agrees with 'śūrpaṇakhā'.

निर्णतोदरी (nirṇatodarī) - with a sunken belly, having a hollow stomach

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirṇatodarī

nirṇatodarī - having a sunken or hollow belly

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nirṇata+udarī)

• nirṇata – bent down, depressed, sunken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √nam (to bend) with the prefix nir-.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: nam (class 1)
• udarī – belly, stomach (feminine form)
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of 'udara'.

Note: Agrees with 'śūrpaṇakhā'.

आससाद (āsasāda) - she approached, she reached, she attained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ā-√sad

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active of the root √sad (to sit, to settle) with the prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first sentence.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Locative case indicates location.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (name of the prince of Ayodhya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (an incarnation of Viṣṇu, son of Daśaratha), pleasing, charming

Note: Object of the verb 'āsasāda'.

कन्दर्पम् (kandarpam) - Kandarpa (god of love)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kandarpa

kandarpa - Kandarpa (the god of love, similar to Kāmadeva), lust, desire

Note: Compared to Rāma.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

रूपिणम् (rūpiṇam) - embodied, having form, handsome

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rūpin

rūpin - having form, embodied, handsome, beautiful

Derived from 'rūpa' (form, beauty) with the suffix -in.

Note: Agrees with 'kandarpam'.